from the historical and medical point of view, this paper purports to illustrate two motifs of immaculate conception in christian art. the first painting is an altarpiece of unknown author from the 17th or 18th century, known as our lady of conception in the church of st. antony the abbot in the city of rab on the island of the same name in croatia, and the other is a mural from 1490, mary’s an...

the relation between economy and medicine had a long history since ancient times. supplying (providing) health care and the required drugs and medical equipments were the main concerns of the human communities even when they were at rather primitive stages of civilization. later, in developed civilizations, trade was added to the concepts of medical economy. in this study, various economic acti...

in research on the history of medicine, less attention is paid to the subject of historical geography . considering the importance of this subject in the history of science, this paper discusses one of the most important science centers in the world. this outstanding medical research center was located in gorganch city, chorasmia area, in the eastern part of the islamic. chorasmia medical schoo...

ketab-ol-ein, which was written by ahmad farahidi, is one of the oldest dictionaries that exist today. in the preliminary discussion we mentioned that, although historical sources show that the work of ibn abbas looks like a dictionary, it is becoming accepted that ketab-ol-ein is the first dictionary. the article starts with explanations about the life and work of khalilibn ahmad. we have also...

background: current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. albucasis, the muslim spanish physician in 10 century ad was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. he introduced a type of surgical knife named mok...

in his seminal book on the historical periods of western attitudes toward death, philippe aries describes four consecutive periods through which these attitudes evolved and transformed. according to him, the historical attitudes of western cultures have passed through four major parts described above: “tamed death,” one’s own death,” “thy death,” and “forbidden death.” this paper, after explori...

objective: to identify the proportion and some selected characteristics of juvenile diabetics attending birdem hospital. materials and methods: this was a cross sectional study. the study was conducted in the birdem hospital. all diabetic young aged up to 18 years who visit birdem hospital were included in study population. the sample size was 240. results: it was observed that among the respon...

since the end of the nineteenth and twentieth century , the concept of the nature of the language and its function and studied were in change. that changes caused prosecution efforts which made by the western scientists to study most of the world language descriptively and historically ,comparely . khalil is the first who authored the lexicon in arabic language, and who compiled a perfect lexic...