This paper explores the drivers of innovative output of firms that belong to emerging clusters, defined as those clusters that are not as “vibrant” or leading as e.g. Silicon Valley, but yet strive to emerge in the international competition. Using evidence of two wine clusters in Italy and Chile, this paper finds that firms’ internal knowledge bases and their external openness are more signific...

The authors report a technique for treatment of persistent macular holes in cases refractory to traditional surgical techniques. With a standard pars plana vitrectomy approach, subretinal infusion of balanced salt solution was performed and followed by a fluid-air exchange. This intervention resulted in hole closure despite poor prognosis and may be considered as a treatment option for patients...

It is acknowledged that social capital plays an important role in the growth of entrepreneurial firms. However, few studies have examined the contribution and function of social capital networks that contain structural holes (heterogeneous networks) in emerging economies. It is not clear how trustworthiness and behavioural commitment impact on effectiveness of these networks in obtaining resour...

Since the first reports on surgical repair of macular holes, postoperative face-down posturing (FDP) has been part of the management regime. However, prone positioning is unpleasant for patients, and has adverse effects. Over the last decade some vitreoretinal surgeons have reduced the duration of FDP, or even abandoned it altogether. There have been few non-randomised, and even fewer randomise...

The squashed Kaluza-Klien (KK) black holes differ from the Schwarzschild black holes with asymptotic flatness or the black strings even at energies for which the KK modes are not excited yet, so that squashed KK black holes open a window in higher dimensions. Another important feature is that the squashed KK black holes are apparently stable and, thereby, let us avoid the Gregory-Laflamme insta...

PURPOSE To evaluate management options for acutely symptomatic stage I macular holes, and vitrectomy with intraocular gas tamponade for advanced stage I macular holes. METHODS Retrospective noncomparative study. SETTING Clinical practice. STUDY POPULATION Acutely symptomatic stage I macular holes. MANAGEMENT OPTIONS: (I) spontaneous resolution with observation -7 eyes; (II) stage I holes ...

on the basis of the steady-state two-dimensional theory of thermoelasticity, stress field around various holes in infinite isotropic plate is discussed. the plate is subjected to uniform heat flux and thermal insulated condition along the hole boundary is assumed. by using the complex potential functions and by applying the conformal mapping and solving the integral equations, the effect of blu...

PURPOSE To determine if patients with macular hole report an increased family history of macular hole compared with control patients and compare the report of family history between patients with unilateral and bilateral macular holes. METHODS This was a multicenter case-control study. Charts of patients coded with diagnosis of macular hole were reviewed, and the diagnosis of idiopathic full-...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course of affected and unaffected eyes in patients with idiopathic macular holes. PATIENTS Prospective study of patients with macular holes enrolled in the Eye Disease Case-Control Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The best-corrected visual acuity at follow-up was compared with that at baseline. Changes in the macular holes, including increases in size or spont...

BACKGROUND Sclopetaria is a rare ophthalmic finding in trauma CASE PRESENTATION This is a report of a patient who developed macular holes from sclopetaria induced by indirect trauma. A 22-year-old male, suffered a gunshot wound that passed behind his eyes, resulting in bilateral macular hole formation CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which trauma posterior to ...