Abstract Background Electronic (e-) hookah–a new category of vaping devices–has increased in use among young adults recent years. E-hookahs utilize the placement e-bowls on traditional water pipes, allowing flavored aerosol to pass through a water-filled base before being inhaled. Though advertised as safe tobacco alternative, e-hookahs deliver nicotine by creating an fine particles and other f...

F or young adults who frequent hookah bars, water pipe smoking leads to elevated levels of nicotine, cotinine, tobacco-related carcinogens, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine. These findings, published May 16 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention, raise alarms about a practice rapidly gaining in popularity. " We should forget the myth that hookah smoking is not harmful,...

Purpose: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to evaluate and compare the effect of smoking on antioxidant status, lipid profile and cardiopulmonary quality in cigarette and HB smokers. Methods: 68 male sedentary smokers and nonsmokers having a good health participated in this study. We consider cigarette smoker...

hookah smoking is growing in popularity especially among women but little is known about the determinants influencing on hookah smoking initiation. in order to address this emerging health risk, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the factors that contribute in the first hookah smoking trial by women.this qualitative study was conducted during 2012 to 2013 in tehran, iran. participants...

Background: Tobacco and hookah smoking is a worldwide problem among adolescents. The present study aimed to determine familial and social factors in predicting the tobacco and hookah smoking among high school students in Jahrom, South of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the factors affecting hookah and cigarette smoking among high school stude...

Background: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke ...

Background: An increase in hookah smoking is considered to be a serious health problem in societies with different cigarette smoking patterns. Thus, determinants of increase in this behavior are needed to be identified. This study aimed to review the articles related to the causes of hookah smoking in the society.Methods: This study reviewed the scientific references of authentic databases and ...