Prokaryotic microorganisms are widespread in all environments on Earth, establishing diverse interactions with many eukaryotic taxa, including insects. These associations may be symbiotic, pathogenic and vectoring. Independently of the type of interaction, each association starts with the adhesion of the microorganism to the host, entry and "invasion" of the host, then progresses to establishme...

A new method, ParaFit, has been developed to test the significance of a global hypothesis of coevolution between parasites and their hosts. Individual host-parasite association links can also be tested. The test statistics are functions of the host and parasite phylogenetic trees and of the set of host-parasite association links. Numerical simulations are used to show that the method has correc...

sunflower (helinathus annuus) is a susceptible host to the holoparasite hemp broomrape (orobanche ramosa) in central parts of iran, causing yield loss due to severe infestations. a field study was conducted in 2006 to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate for controlling the parasitic weed hemp broomrape in sunflower. glyphosate was applied once or twice at five rates ranging from 0.075 to 0.450 ...

toxoplasma encepfiautis (te) is rare in pediatric patients, but it is an emerging opportunistic infection in the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts. it should be considered in patients who present with fever and evolving cns symptoms. the outcome of these patients is always poor because of delay in diagnosis. we report one case of toxoplasma encephalitis in a child without hiv infecti...

The beneficial symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, provides a unique opportunity to study host/microbe interactions within a natural microenvironment. Colonization of the squid light organ by V. fischeri begins a lifelong association with a regulated daily rhythm. Each morning the host expels an exudate from the lig...

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are used to modulate enteric pathogens and reduce pathogen shedding. The interactions with prebiotics that alter Listeria monocytogenes infection are not yet clearly delineated. L. monocytogenes cellular invasion requires a concerted manipulation of host epithelial cell membrane receptors to initiate internalization and infection often via receptor glycosylation. Bact...

Abstract Both wild and reared bivalves can host hydroids from the Eirenidae family which settle on soft body parts of their host. Thousands have been observed a single bivalve, often severe detrimental effects However, this relationship has received little attention in aquaculture research, is probably due to lack baseline data. An extensive review was conducted (i) show current level knowledge...

HIGHLIGHTS Climate change affects human infectious disease via pathogen, host and transmission. Go beyond the empirical observation of association between climate health effect. Improve prediction associated changes in diseases at various scales. Health impacts can be controlled by taking certain proactive measures.

The male, larva and puparium of Philornis fasciventris (Wulp) are described for the first time, as well as the larval habit and host association. The material was collected in Yucatan, Mexico in a nest of the turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa (Sandbach) (Coraciformes: Momotidae), first host record for this species. E. superciliosa is also a new host record for Philornis.

The male, larva and puparium of Philornis fasciventris (Wulp) are described for the fi rst time, as well as the larval habit and host association. The material was collected in Yucatan, Mexico in a nest of the turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa (Sandbach) (Coraciformes: Momotidae), fi rst host record for this species. E. superciliosa is also a new host record for Philornis.