garlic (allium sativuml.) is one of the most important allium spice. from an economic point of view, the dried garlic slices are valuable products. in this research, garlic slices as a thin layer were dried in a laboratory scale hot-air dryer, under air flow of 1.5 m/s, air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70˚c and slice thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4 mm. the mean values of shrinkage of garlic slices obta...

response surface methodology (rsm) was employed to determine the optimum processing conditions leading to maximum anthocyanin, phenolic compound and antioxidant activity during osmo-ultrasonic pretreatment followed by hot air drying of black cherry fruit. temperature (40, 50 and 60ºc), sucrose content (40, 50 and 60% w/v) and ultrasound frequency (0, 65 and 130 khz) were the factors investigate...

Hot surface ignition was examined using a variety of heat sources in a series of premixed hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and air mixtures. Building off previous work, hexane-air, heptane-air and hydrogen-air experiments were performed in addition to the eventual hexane-hydrogen-air mixtures. Using high-speed schlieren photography, thermocouples, and a fast-response pressure transducer, flame characteri...

Convective hot air drying of potato slabs and the effects of drying air temperature and slab thickness have been investigated using a batch tray dryer. The temperature of drying chamber varied in four levels (50, 60, 70 and 80°C) and the slab thickness changed in three levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m). For the prediction of effective moisture diffusivity (D ), the conventional Fick’s diffusion model w...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the microclimatic behavior of different land cover types in urban parks and, the correlation between air temperature and land cover composition to understand how land cover affects outdoor thermal environment during hot summer. METHODS To address this issue, air temperatures were measured on four different land cover types at four observation sites inside an...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silanization protocols on the bond strength of two resin cements to a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Thirty-two ceramic discs were assigned to 2 groups (n=16): G1 - dual-cured resin cement and G2 - light-cured resin cement. Four subgroups were evaluated according to the used silanization protocol. The glass-ceramic was etched with 10% hydro...

Drying characteristics of rough rice (variety of lenjan) with an initial moisture content of 25% dry basis (db) was studied in a hot air dryer assisted by infrared heating. Three arrival air temperatures (30, 40 and 50C) and four infrared radiation intensities (0, 0.2 , 0.4 and 0.6 W/cm) and three arrival air speeds (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 m.s) were studied. Bending strength of brown rice kernel, pe...

The dehydration tests were conducted at three drying methods to evaluate the drying curves and the energy uptake. Apple (Malus domestica L.) cubes were dried under different processing conditions applying freeze drying (FD), freeze drying assisted by hot air and freeze drying assisted by infrared radiation. Control samples were produced using regular freeze drying without the pre-drying. Hot ai...

The physiologic and performance effects of low-level reconnaissance flying in hot environments were documented and quantitated. RF-4C pilots and weapons system operators were studied in hot and cool seasons during both high and low missions to distinguish environmental temperature from flight level effects. ECG, sternal and thigh skin temperatures, and cockpit temperature at helmet level were m...

nowadays, one of the greatest energy consumption sources in the world is recognized as hvac systems, which are used vastly not only for industrial productions but also for creating comfort condition in dwellings. since beginning of warm or cold season, we will need a source of energy to reach desirable thermal conditions inside a building. also, earth is naturally a great thermal source, which ...