IMPORTANCE All studies of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm conducted to date have used repeated IOP measurements requiring nocturnal awakenings, potentially disturbing sleep macrostructure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects on sleep architecture and IOP rhythm of hourly awakening vs a contact lens sensor (CLS) to continuously monitor IOP without awakening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PART...

Abstract The timing of short extreme rainstorm, which was usually thought to occur on midsummer afternoons, investigated improve future mitigation options for infrastructure and safety from localised flash flooding. Using a peak-over-threshold approach, the 10- 60-min events filtered high-resolution rainfall series assessing diurnal, seasonal, annual distributions analysed spatial variations pr...

Increased night work is an important issue because of its implications on workers' health, safety and performance. This study examined the effects of brief hourly exercise as a countermeasure against the adverse effects of night work, especially for workers requiring sustained attention while working in a prolonged sitting posture. During simulated night work (22:00-08:00), participants were re...

Sub-daily rainfall extremes may be associated with flash flooding, particularly in urban areas but, compared with extremes on daily timescales, have been relatively little studied in many regions. This paper describes a new, hourly rainfall dataset for the UK based on ∼1600 rain gauges from three different data sources. This includes tipping bucket rain gauge data from the UK Environment Agency...

Ventilation flow in commercial livestock buildings can be estimated by means of relatively simple indirect methods based on carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture or heat balances. However, ventilation flow on an hourly basis for these balances needs adjustment for diurnal variation in animal CO2 and heat production. This work examines the agreement between ventilation flow measured in a pig house over...

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin and its metabolites were characterized in 42 subjects with various degrees of renal function (group 1, Clcr (mL/min/1.73 m2) > 90, n = 10; group 2, Clcr 61-90, n = 11; group 3, Clcr 31-60, n = 11; group 4, Clcr < or = 30, n = 10). The dosage regimens were-groups 1 and 2: 400 mg i.v. at 8 hourly intervals; group 3: 400 mg i.v. at 12 hourly interv...

The patterns of feed intake when animals are allowed ad libitum access to feed in a respiration chamber is not known, nor are the potential effects of the artificial environment of chambers on voluntary feed intake. The objectives of the study were to describe the pattern of hourly feed intake of sheep when fed for ad libitum intake in respiration chambers and determine the repeatability of thi...