Ownership types were proposed to characterize the topology of objects on the heap. They notionally organize objects into boxes, and each box belongs to an object – its owner. In most ownership-based systems, the box protects the object from its environment in some way. Thus, the owner may play the owners-as-dominators role, whereby the owner restricts access to the objects in a box, (i.e. the “...

For some Canadians, the term “housing policy” evokes images of public housing, government subsidies for low-income households, and programs aimed at helping Canada’s unhoused individuals and families. It is easy, though inaccurate, to view housing policy as having this limited scope. After all, 95 percent of Canadian households obtain their housing from the private market. Two-thirds of all hou...

A typical U.S. family devotes about a quarter of its annual income and half or more of its net worth to housing. Both the level and volatility of house prices thus have important implications for household behavior and welfare, as well as for the aggregate U.S. economy. Recent research has emphasized the importance of housing supply in determining house prices in different U.S. markets. This di...

The sustained increase in house prices, mortgage interest rates, and other costs of owning a home during the 1970's put housing affordability into the forefront of public policy concerns. But while inflation was driving up homeownership costs, people's willingness to purchase bigger and better homes seemed stronger than ever. This dissertation is an indepth look at the housing cost issue over t...

A panoply of retailer practices, such as advertising loss leaders or marketing house brands, take advantage of third party trademarks to increase the retailer’s profit. In a sense, trademark owners create spillover benefits for these retailers (I call these benefits “brand spillovers”). This Article examines the phenomenon and legal treatment of brand spillovers. In general, retailers have not ...

Launched in August 2020, the Book Owners Online was built as a collaborative project between Bibliographical Society and University College London, designed to be scalable flexible with aspiration expand both chronologically geographically. Initially containing data for around 1400 English seventeenth-century book owners, number of entries has grown more than 1800, covering Scottish well moving...

Internet technology can balance entrepreneurs in their efforts to develop business ventures. Boarding house business. In Indonesia, especially Madura, educational centers are mushrooming, private colleges and universities. This is followed by an increase the number of houses or special buildings that offer boarding services for students who need them. The purpose this research make a prototype ...