Low plasma total testosterone (T) levels may influence the sense of well-being and produce depressive symptomatology, increasing the risk of suicide. In a previous study, we reported reduced serum T levels in male psychiatric patients after a suicide attempt. The reduction was more pronounced in subjects who used violent attempt methods, and we discussed the possible influence of stress of hosp...

BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease which defined as medically unexplained, disabling fatigue of 6 months or more duration and often accompanied by several of a long list of physical complaints. We aimed to investigate abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones and cortisol concentrations in premenopausal women with CFS and find out effects of depress...

Puberty is a series of physical development and sexual maturation that aims to achieved reproductive capacity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has an important role in the normal process puberty. Disruption HPG causes hormonal disturbances, one which hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, associated with delayed Hormonal disorders can also cause various problems besides system, such as mu...

Introduction The process of aging is complex and involves not only the reproductive axis, but also a myriad of other physiological, sensory and behavioral changes. Many of these age-related alterations are similar across species because they are based in fundamental physiological processes that are common across mammals and birds. We have been investigating the Japanese quail as a model system ...

The search for a definitive gender bias in Alzheimer's disease has resulted in a multitude of epidemiological findings that point to a higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in women. Due to this reported predisposition of women to Alzheimer's disease, the sex steroid estrogen has become the primary focus of research in this field, however, inconclusive data regarding estrogen r...

Epidemiological studies show low rates of diagnosed depression in men compared to women. At the same time, high rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and completed suicide are found among men. These data suggest that a male-specific pattern for depression may exist that is linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. To date, no underlying neuroendocrine model for this specific pattern of male depress...

Reproductive function depends upon an operational hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Due to its role in determining survival versus reproductive strategies, the HPG axis is vulnerable a diverse plethora of signals that ultimately manifest with Central Hypogonadism (CH) all many guises. Acquired CH can result from any pituitary or hypothalamic lesion, including treatment (such as surgical...

A mechanistic understanding of aging has yet to be described; this paper puts forth a new theory that has the potential to explain aging in all sexually reproductive life forms. The theory also puts forth a new definition of aging - any change in an organism over time. This definition includes not only the changes associated with the loss of function (i.e. senescence, the commonly accepted defi...

Immunological challenge experienced in early life can have long-term programming effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that permanently influence the stress response. Similarly, neonatal exposure to immunological stress enhances stress-induced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in adulthood, but may also affect earlier development, including the timing of ...

This paper presents a model-based design and development environment for Web Information Systems (WISs) using Semantic Web technologies. This environment called the Hera Presentation Generator (HPG) integrates a number of software tools created for the presentation generation phase of the Hera methodology. These tools are the HPG model builders that help constructing the WIS input specification...