The present work evaluated the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus 1/human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HIV-1/HTLV) coinfection in patients living in Belém (state of Pará) and Macapá (state of Amapá), two cities located in the Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 169 blood samples were collected. The sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the presence of antibo...

In summary, our present system virology is confirmed current hypothesis about HAM/TSP pathogenesis with more details. It seems that Immune-dysregulation especially different cytokines expression in ACs individuals has key role in develop to HAM/TSP. In the other hand, HTLV-1 is successive intracellular pathogens which advantage from human host for hosting, replication and expansion in the human...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and ham/tsp is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. ham/tsp is an inflamma...

DISTINCT SYNDROME of calcitriol (1,25-dihyA droxyvitamin D,)-mediated hypercalcemia is seen in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In addition to hypercalcemia, this syndrome is characterized by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, normal serum phosphate levels, the absence of renal phosphate wasting, and increased renal excretion of calcium. Other characteristi...

DISTINCT SYNDROME of calcitriol (1,25-dihyA droxyvitamin D,)-mediated hypercalcemia is seen in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In addition to hypercalcemia, this syndrome is characterized by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, normal serum phosphate levels, the absence of renal phosphate wasting, and increased renal excretion of calcium. Other characteristi...

n Iranian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan -Mar 2014, a paper entitled " Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibody Levels in Blood Supply of Shiraz Blood Transfusion Institute, Iran " by Shaddel et al. was published and prevalence of toxoplasmosis was reported as 23.6% in blood products. In this regard, following notes should be considered. Blood transfusion is an important lifesaving medical i...

KIR3DL2 belongs to the killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) family and is composed of three extracellular Ig-like domains. KIR3DL2 is naturally expressed on some NK cells and minor subpopulations of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Physiologically, KIRD3L2 is an inhibitory receptor for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules regulating NK cell activation. Remarkably, KIR3DL2 is also a...

A 31 year old Haitian female presented with acute worsening of chronic diarrhea and weight loss of one year duration. CT of the abdomen showed diffuse mesenteric, pelvic and groin lymphadenopathy. HTLV-1 serology was positive and patient was diagnosed with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) by bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry. Stool Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) PCR was positive and oral v...