The specificity of the enzyme purified from TZ-infected Escherichia coli which catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5’hydroxyl ends of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid has been examined. The enzyme also catalyzes the phosphorylation of 5’-hydroxyl groups of polynucleotides as well as 3’-mononucleotides. There is no detectable phosphorylation of nucleosides and adenosine 2’-phosphate is vi...

Partial oxidation of alcohols is a topic of great interest in the field of gold catalysis. In this work, we provide evidence that the partial oxidation of allyl alcohol to its corresponding aldehyde, acrolein, over oxygen-precovered gold surfaces occurs via multiple reaction pathways. Utilizing temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) with isotopically labeled water and oxygen species, reactive ...

The hydroxyl radical, one of the reactive oxygen species, has one unpaired electron in the structure, so that it tends to deprive other substances of an electron which is so-called oxidation. It is known that hydroxyl radicals produced by immunological response kill invading microorganisms by the oxidation. Besides the immune system, it has been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals play an impor...

Bradykinin relaxes arterioles on the brain's surface. This response is endothelium-dependent. The data presented here confirm the hypothesis that hydroxyl free radical mediates this response and may be the endothelium-dependent relaxing factor for bradykinin in this microvascular bed. The response to a locally applied bolus of bradykinin (80 micrograms/ml) was monitored by intravital TV microsc...

A method has been developed for making "footprints" of proteins bound to DNA. The hydroxyl radical, generated by reduction of hydrogen peroxide by iron(II), is the reagent used to cut the DNA. Hydroxyl radical breaks the backbone of DNA with almost no sequence dependence, so all backbone positions may be monitored for contact with protein. In addition to defining the DNA sequence in contact wit...

Chronic exposure to oxidants is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) by which oxidants contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. Since oncogene activation plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage might contribute to carcinogenesis by causing oncogene activation. The studies reported herein demon...

To clarify the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the formation of hydroxyl radical in a standard reaction mixture containing 15 microM of xanthone, 0.1 M of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), and 45 mM of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) under UVA irradiation, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were performed. SOD enhanced the formation of hydroxyl radicals. The formation o...