An evaluation of the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System identified that patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and chronic hepatitis C virus who were treated with a regimen of ribavirin and didanosine, with or without stavudine, were at increased risk for events associated with mitochondrial toxicity, including fatal hepatic failure, peripheral neuro...

BACKGROUND Changes in hepatosplanchnic lactate exchange are likely to contribute to hyperlactatemia in sepsis. We hypothesized that septic and cardiogenic shock have different effects on hepatosplanchnic lactate exchange and its contribution to hyperlactatemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 anesthetized pigs were randomized to fecal peritonitis (P), cardiac tamponade (CT), and to controls (n = 8 p...

Lactate was first described by Berzelius in 1807 when he discovered it in its modified form in meat juices. It has been used as a marker of cellular hypoxia and tissue malperfusion, and hyperlactatemia has been associated with postoperative complications and mortality. Notably, high blood lactate concentrations have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity in children after cardia...