BACKGROUND Impaired glucose regulation, measured with an oral glucose-tolerance test, has been associated with the risk of cancer. Here, we explored whether the response to an intravenous glucose-tolerance test (IVGTT) is associated with the risk of cancer. METHODS A cohort of 945 healthy men, aged 40-59years in 1972-75, was followed for 40years. An IVGTT was performed at baseline. Blood samp...

Associations between unemployment, work, and disability have been researched in many studies. The findings are often based on cross-sectional data and single outcomes. The present study analysed multiple outcomes over a period of 15 years among long-term unemployed individuals. Based on all individuals aged 20-40 living in Sweden in 1995, prospective cohort analyses were conducted. Individual a...

Workers' smoking histories are not measured in many occupational cohort studies. Here we discuss the use of negative control outcomes to detect and adjust for confounding in analyses that lack information on smoking. We clarify the assumptions necessary to detect confounding by smoking and the additional assumptions necessary to indirectly adjust for such bias. We illustrate these methods using...

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the completeness of case ascertainment during the follow-up of a cohort differed between the exposed and the nonexposed groups in Korea Radiation Effect and Epidemiology Cohort (KREEC). The completeness was defined as the proportion of the number of detected cases to the number of estimated cases, in which the estimation was performed by capture-rec...

BACKGROUND Chinese women's reproductive patterns have changed significantly over the past several decades. However, relatively little is known about the pace and characteristics of these changes either overall or by region and socioeconomic status. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study that recruited 300 000 women born between 1930 and 1974 ...

OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of heavy drinking on alcohol-related injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out an open cohort study among university students in Spain (n=1,382). Heavy drinking and alcohol-related injuries were measured by administrating AUDIT questionnaires to every participant at the ages of 18, 20, 22 and 24. For data analysis we use...

In occupational epidemiology, exposure-response analyses play an important role in the evaluation of the etiologic relevance of chemical and physical exposures. The standardized mortality or morbidity ratio (SMR) has been commonly used in occupational cohort studies. Statistical approaches to evaluate exposure-response patterns using SMRs have mostly been limited to analyses in which the exposu...

BACKGROUND Previous research has documented that exposure to parental separation/divorce during childhood can be associated with long-term consequences into adulthood. This study sought to extend this literature by examining associations between childhood exposure to parental separation/divorce and later parenting behavior as an adult in a New Zealand birth cohort. METHODS Data were drawn fro...

OBJECTIVES To investigate how results of the association between education and weight change vary when weight change is defined and modelled in different ways. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 60 404 men and women participating in the Social, Environmental and Economic Factors (SEEF) subcomponent of the 45 and Up Study-a population-based cohort study of people aged 45 years or...

Large numbers of randomised controlled trials (RCT) have been carried out in order to investigate diet-disease relationships. This article examines eight sets of studies and compares the findings with those from epidemiological studies (cohort studies in seven of the cases). The studies cover the role of dietary factors in blood pressure, body weight, cancer and heart disease. In some cases, th...