In this work, a series of arylpiperazine derivatives were synthesized and screened by in vivo pharmacological trials. Among the tested compounds, 2-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone (18) and 2-(4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone (19) exhibited potent analgesic activities in both the mice writhing and mice hot plate tests. They showed more than 70...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In multicase pediatric ear, nose, and throat operating rooms (ORs), brief delays in early case start times often produce a cascading effect of lengthy delays by the end of the day and can often lead to patient, family, and staff dissatisfaction and increased labor costs due to unplanned overtime. We sought to improve actual end of day relative to scheduled end of day fr...

T hirty years ago, when I started performing bronchoscopy, sedation for flexible bronchoscopy was not a very common practice. At that time, some authors suggested that routine sedation could do little for patients undergoing the procedure and that bronchoscopy could be carried out without pre-medication [1–3]. However, over the last few decades, several things have changed. Patients’ need for c...

The impact of intravenous (I/V) diazepam sedation on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and patient tolerance was studied in 100 patients in the age group of (27-60) years, who were subjected to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for different indications. Equal number of patients in the same age group, who did not receive the sedation acted as controls. It was observed that SaO(2) showed a tran...

The present communication reports some medicinal plants which are used as Central Nervous System sedative agent in the traditional system of medicine.

RP 48497 is a photodegradation product of eszopiclone, a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic used in the treatment of insomnia. We report herein the first synthesis of RP 48497 via reduction, chlorination, and recyclization of 6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one (3), a key intermediate in the synthesis of eszopiclone. The structure of RP 48497 was confirme...

Anesthetic-induced changes in the neural activity of the brain have been recently utilized as a research model to investigate the neural mechanisms of phenomenal consciousness. However, the anesthesiologic definition of consciousness as "responsiveness to the environment" seems to sidestep the possibility that an unresponsive individual may have subjective experiences. The aim of the present st...

Sedational anaesthesia has a long history of use where a short-term, deep sedation is necessary. The technique involves the use of a potent analgesic in combination with a powerful sedative. The result is an alteration in the perception of pain, which reduces movement of the patient during laser rejuvenation. Sedational anaesthesia has several advantages over the use of general anaesthetics and...

The molecular mechanisms occurring in the nervous system that underlie behavioral responses to ethanol remain poorly understood. Here, we report that molecular requirements for two of these responses, initial sensitivity and the development of rapid tolerance, comap to the same small set of neurons. We show that null homer mutant flies exhibit both increased sensitivity to the sedative effects ...

Key Points  There are few “true” breed sensitivities to anesthetics  Breed idiosyncrasies to various anesthetic, sedative, and analgesic drugs should be considered when formulating an anesthetic plan  Many myths in small animal anesthesia derive from mis-interpretation of data or singular experiences that evolve into “scientific fact”  This lecture will attempt to dispel some common myths a...