Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase, L-ar-Aminooxy-/?-phenylpropionic Acid, Aromatic Amino Acids, Shikimic Acid, Fagopyrum esculentum L-a-Aminooxy-/?-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a potent competitive inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), blocked light-induced phenylpropanoid synthesis in excised buckwheat hypocotyls and produced an up to 40-fold increase in the endogenous phenylalanine concen...

Elongation of the Arabidopsis hypocotyl pushes the shoot-producing meristem out of the soil by rapid expansion of cells already present in the embryo. This elongation process is shown here to be impaired by as much as 35% in mutants lacking ABCB19, an ATP-binding cassette membrane protein required for polar auxin transport, during a limited time of fast growth in dim white light beginning 2.5 d...

Stomata are pores that regulate the gas and water exchange between the environment and aboveground plant tissues, including hypocotyls, leaves, and stems. Here, we show that mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana LLM-domain B-GATA genes are defective in stomata formation in hypocotyls. Conversely, stomata formation is strongly promoted by overexpression of various LLM-domain B-class GATA genes, most s...

Many aspects of plant development are regulated by antagonistic interactions between the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, but the molecular mechanisms of this interaction are not understood. To test whether cytokinin controls plant development through inhibiting an early step in the auxin response pathway, we compared the effects of cytokinin with those of the dgt (diageotropica) mutation, w...

After about 20 days, hypocotyl cuttings from 20-day-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings rooted easily in the presence of the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with roots forming directly from xylem parenchyma. In contrast, woody cuttings from 1-2-year-old hedged seedlings formed roots indirectly from callus tissue in 60-90 days, but IBA had little effect on rooting. Variation in rooti...

WUSCHEL (WUS) is essential for preventing stem cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Here we report that in addition to its functions in meristematic stem cell maintenance, WUS is involved in the regulation of cell division. The WUS gain-of-function mutant, stem ectopic flowers (sef), displayed elongated hypocotyls, whereas the loss-of-function wus-1 mutant had shortened hypocotyls. The long hyp...

Some of the most striking features of Rhizophoraceae mangrove saplings are their voluminous cylinder-shaped hypocotyls and thickened leaves. The hypocotyls are known to serve as floats during seed dispersal (hydrochory) and store nutrients that allow the seedling to root and settle. In this study we investigate to what degree the hypocotyls and leaves can serve as water reservoirs once seedling...

Abstract Phototropism is a classic adaptive growth response that helps plants to enhance light capture for photosynthesis. It was shown hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) participates in the regulation of blue light-induced hypocotyl phototropism; however, underlying mechanism unclear. In this study, we demonstrate unilateral h igh-intensity b lue l ight (HBL) could induce asymmetric distribution H cot...

explants of leaves, petals, anthers, styles and ovaries of c. speciosus, c. cancellatus, c. gilanicus and c. almehensis were cultured on ls media with three different combinations of naa and bap in the dark. callus and neoformant organs (leaf and corm-like structure and ordinary and contractileroots) were fomd on some of these explants. corm explants from these species were also cultured on ms ...

in the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-d) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (camellia sinenesis l.). embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. explants were cultured on murashige and skoog (ms) medium containing 0, 1 and 5 mm 2, 4-d alone for embryonic axes and 0, 1 and 5 mm 2, 4-d along with 0...