primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (pil) is a rare disease of intestinal lymphatics presenting with hypoproteinemia, bilateral lower limb edema, ascites and protein-losing enteropathy. we report a case of pil in a 22 year old patient from tabriz, iran who presented with anasarca edema, recurrent diarrhea, hypoproteinemia and confirmatory features of pil on endoscopy and histopathology. therefo...

the  main  clinical presentation  of  patients  with  primary antibody  deficiency (pad) incorporates upper respiratory tract infections comprising otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia.  this  study  was  designed  to  investigate clinical and  paraclinical otological complications in major types of pad.  a cross sectional study was conducted on 55 pad patients with diagnosis of selective iga ...

The differentiation of B cells along the pathway of B cell development has been well characterized. In the bone marrow, the differentiation from pro-B cells to immature B cells can be defined by several surface antigens, such as a surrogate light chain. Immature B cells become mature B cells and then circulate in the peripheral blood as naive B cells. In the peripheral lymphoid tissues, naive B...

This short review focuses on non-specific defences against infectious agents and the immune response in the elderly patient. The problem of hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with myeloma or leukemia, and its treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, is also discussed.

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is characterized by a prolongation and accentuation of the physiologic hypogammaglobulinemia normally occurring during the first 3 to 6 months of life and recovers spontaneously between 18 and 36 months of age. Infants with THI may remain asymptomatic or develop recurrent sinopulmonary infections, but severe or life-threatening infections are rar...