The effect of differentiation on the transverse mechanical properties of mammalian myocytes was determined by using atomic force microscopy. The apparent elastic modulus increased from 11.5 +/- 1.3 kPa for undifferentiated myoblasts to 45.3 +/- 4.0 kPa after 8 days of differentiation (P < 0.05). The relative contribution of viscosity, as determined from the normalized hysteresis area, ranged fr...

Magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys are a new class of smart materials with extraordinary strains up to 12% and frequencies in the range of 1 to 2 kHz. The MSM actuator is a potential device which can achieve high performance electromagnetic actuation by using the properties of MSM alloys. However, significant non-linear hysteresis behavior is a significant barrier to control the MSM actuator. I...

The position of an interface (domain wall) in a medium with random pinning defects is not determined unambiguously by a current value of the driving force even in average. Based on general theory of the interface motion in a random medium we study this hysteresis, different possible shapes of domain walls and dynamical phase transitions between them. Several principal characteristics of the hys...

Hysteresis of a piezoelectric actuator is ratedependent. Most hysteresis models are based on elementary rate-independent operators and are not suitable for modeling actuator behavior across a wide frequency band. This work proposes a rate-dependent modified PrandtlIshlinskii (PI) operator to account for the hysteresis of a piezoelectric actuator at varying frequency. We have shown experimentall...

The conformational behavior of a giant DNA mediated by condensing agents in the bulk solution has been investigated through experimental and theoretical approaches. Experimentally, a pronounced conformational hysteresis is observed for folding and unfolding processes, by increasing and decreasing the concentration of condensing agent (polyethylene glycol) (PEG), respectively. To elucidate the o...

Vector hysteresis models are applied to an eddy-current analysis. The vector hysteresis models are composed by play hysterons and stop hysterons. The eddy-current analysis shows that both play and stop hysteron models can effectively describe isotropic vector hysteretic behavior. The stop hysteron model is more efficient in analyzes using the magnetic vector potential than the play model becaus...

In the present work, hysteresis is simulated by means of internal variables. Analytical models of different types of hysteresis loops enable reproduction of major and minor loops and provide good agreement with experimental data. Using an effective algorithm based on the analysis of wandering trajectories, an evolution of chaotic behavior regions of oscillators with hysteresis is presented in v...

In this paper, we study the no-load behavior of a lightweight piezo-composite curved actuator (LIPCA) subjected to voltage and charge control. First, we examine the effect of hysteresis and creep when the actuator is voltage controlled at a slow scan speed. The experimental results show that creep increases the displacement hysteresis by over 25% when scanning at 1/60 Hz. Afterwards, we discuss...

Thixotropic properties are one of the low temperature rheology behaviors of gelled waxy crudes. In order to study the thixotropic behavior of gelled waxy crudes oil under cyclic loading of linear increasing and decreasing of shear rate, three different types of waxy crude oil were studied experimentally by using MARSIII rheometer. It is found that hysteresis loop area could represent strength o...

In order to exhaustively exploit the high-level capabilities of shape memory alloys (SMAs), they must be applied in control systems applications. However, because of their hysteretic inherent, dilatory response, and nonlinear behavior, scientists are thwarted in their attempt to design controllers for actuators of such kind.  The current study aims at developing a micro-position control system ...