This paper focuses on a type of voluntary pollution abatement agreement (VA) in which the regulator offers regulatory relief for the participating firm in exchange for environmental improvements. If the regulator does not have statutory authority to provide regulatory relief, the VA can leave the firm more vulnerable to legal challenges through citizen lawsuits. I use a model of negotiated VAs ...

We developed protocols with intact cultured neonatal rat myocytes to directly evaluate the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase (or SERCA2), Na-Ca exchange (Na-CaX), and slow Ca transport systems (mitochondria and sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase). Spontaneously beating control cells were compared with cells cultured for 2 days in the presence of verapamil (verapamil-arrested cells, VA). ...

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II (ANG-II)-induced oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of I/R injury. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of co-administration of losartan, as a selective ANG-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, and vanillic acid (VA), as an antioxidant, in I/R-induced oxidative stress in isolated...

in this study, he’s variational approach (va) is used to solve the non-naturalvibrations and oscillations. the method works very well for the whole range of initial amplitudesand does not demand small perturbation. it is also sufficiently accurate to both linear and nonlinearphysics and engineering problems. we consider some examples to illustrate the effectiveness andconvenience of the method....

OBJECTIVE Sometimes a vertebral artery (VA) enters the spinal canal via the C1-2 intervertebral space, a variation regarded as a C2 segmental-type VA. This paper describes the anatomy of the C2 segmental-type VA and reviews its clinical importance. METHODS Between March 2014 and November 2015, 3386 patients underwent computed tomographic angiography. I identified C2 segmental-type VAs, associ...

Crowdsourcing techniques for augmenting traditional accessibility maps with transitory obstacle information Matthew T. Rice a , R. Daniel Jacobson b , Douglas R. Caldwell c , Scott D. McDermott a , Fabiana I. Paez a , Ahmad O. Aburizaiza a , Kevin M. Curtin a , Anthony Stefanidis a d & Han Qin a a Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , 2203...

Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff (2014a and 2014b) study value-added (VA) measures of teacher effectiveness. Exploiting teacher switches as a sort of quasi-experiment, the first paper investigates potential bias from student sorting to teachers, and concludes that any such bias is negligible. The second paper finds that VA scores are useful proxies for teachers’ effects on students’ long-run outco...

The aim of the present paper is to study the status of the short vowels /i/ and /u/ in five selected Iranian Balochi dialects. These dialects are spoken in Sistan (SI), Saravan (SA), Khash (KH), Iranshahr (IR), and Chabahar (CH) regions located in province Sistan va Baluchestan in the southeast of Iran. This study investigates whether these two vowels have the same qualities as the short /i/ an...