This study analyzes the existence of a complementary relationship between public and private spending on Research and Development activities. The results show that public funding does not produce a substitution effect on private spending. In fact, depending on the methodology used, public subsidies actually produce a crowding in effect of up to 49% on private spending. JEL: C23; L11;

There is growing interest in discrete-choice experiments (DCE) as a method to elicit consumers' preferences in the health care sector. Increasingly this method is used to determine willingness-to-pay (WTP) for health-related goods. However, its external validity in the health care domain has not been investigated until today. This paper examines the external validity of DCE concerning the reduc...

High performing nursing teams deliver quality safe care that is valuable to a country. In order to successfully perform tasks, there needs to be a proper mix of team composition in terms of team knowledge and team skills. Also, the team must work in a good surrounding through a positive team context. Team context, in the form of team identification and team support, provides the necessary work ...

This experiment investigates decisions made by prospective economists and physicians in an allocation problem which can be framed either medically or neutrally. The potential recipients differ with respect to their minimum needs as well as to how much they benefit from a treatment. We classify the allocators as either 'selfish', 'Rawlsian', or 'maximizing the number of recipients'. Economists t...

Resilience to Economic Shocks and the Long Reach of Childhood Bullying This paper investigates whether people’s ability to withstand and adapt to one of the most important economic shocks – job loss – is determined early on in childhood. Using nationally representative longitudinal data that tracks almost 3,000 children into adulthood, we show that the negative effect of unemployment on mental ...

Living Conditions of Children and Parental Well-Being – Evidence from German Data on Life Satisfaction The question that this paper addresses is whether or not parents are altruistic towards their children. A new approach will be introduced, where the life satisfaction data of parents will be regressed onto the living conditions of their children who now live independently. After controlling fo...

Crotamines 1 and 2 differ only at residue 19 (which is Leu in 1, and Ile in 2), but 1 presents a greater myonecrotic activity. PM3 geometry optimizations of fragments of 1 (I17-C18-L19-P20-P21) and 2 (I17-C18-I19-P20-P21) yielded the minimum energy conformations I-a and II-a, respectively. The HF and DFT calculation of chemical properties (atomic charge, orbital population, and MO energy) of I-...

The Ratio Bias Phenomenon: Fact or Artifact? The ratio bias – according to which individuals prefer to bet on probabilities expressed as a ratio of large numbers to normatively equivalent or superior probabilities expressed as a ratio of small numbers – has recently gained momentum, with researchers especially in health economics emphasizing the policy importance of the phenomenon. Although the...

In the growth literature, evidence on convergence of per capita incomes is mixed. In the development literature, health and education indicators are often used to measure countries’ development progress. This study examines whether average stocks of health and education are converging across countries and calculates the speed of their convergence using data from 84 countries for 1970–90. A thre...

We present a new estimator for causal effects with panel data that builds on insights behind the widely used difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods. Relative to these methods we find, both theoretically empirically, this “synthetic difference-in-differences” has desirable robustness properties, it performs well in settings where conventional estimators are commonly practice. st...