1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 4Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University...

1 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt. 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Organic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef Un...

modern medicine owes much to the endeavours and contributions made by the ancients that are unfortunately anonymous or even neglected intentionally today. this study was done to give attention to “the ancient golden times”, as the author believes it deserves the nomination, to give credit to the manner our ancient physicians and masters practiced medicine and managed traumas in particular in a ...

one of the issues discussed in details in philosophy is the end of humanity after death (according to the tendency of immortality) and the survival of the human population or accepting death and invalidity with destruction of the body. philosophers such as ibn sina, suhrawardi and mulla sadra explain the stages and types of souls after death, and the immortality of them. ibn sina after al-farab...

in the nineteenth century, with the rise of the literary schoolsin france and giving heed to oriental literacy and mysticalworks, the commentators and translators of ibn sina began towork on his treatises. since they knew ibn sina as anaristotelian philosopher, the following question was raised:why has aristotelian ibn sina given heed to mysticalattitudes? in response to the question whether or...