This paper puts forward a grey situation group decision-making method on the basis of prospect theory, in view of the grey situation group decision-making problems that decisions are often made by multiple decision experts and those experts have risk preferences. The method takes the positive and negative ideal situation distance as reference points, defines positive and negative prospect value...

quality assessment in an educational activity is the most important action for improving this process and its totally or partly renewed resumption. quality assessment compares the existing and the desired situation. in the education system outcome, review the existing and desired situation is a turning point of quality assessment. therefore it is necessary to describe outcome desired situation ...

In this series of papers we examine magnetic reconnection in a domain where the magnetic field does not vanish and the non-ideal region is localised in space. In a previous paper we presented a technique for obtaining analytical solutions to the stationary resistive MHD equations in such a situation and examined specific examples of non-ideal reconnective solutions. Here we further develop the ...

We call (i?) 1 the Lie ring associated with R, and denote it by 9Î. The question of how far the properties of SR determine those of R is of considerable interest, and has been studied extensively for the case when R is an algebra, but little is known of the situation in general. In an earlier paper the author investigated the effect of the nilpotency of 9î upon the structure of R if R contains ...

When is agreement possible? An important aspect of group decision-making is the question of how a group makes a choice when individual preferences may differ. Clearly, people cannot all have their “ideal” preferences, i.e, the options that they most desire, if those ideal preferences are different. However, for the sake of agreement, people may be willing to accept as a group choice an option t...

in this paper, we introduce a new generalization of weakly prime ideals called $i$-prime. suppose $r$ is a commutative ring with identity and $i$ a fixed ideal of $r$. a proper ideal $p$ of $r$ is $i$-prime if for $a, b in r$ with $ab in p-ip$ implies either $a in p$ or $b in p$. we give some characterizations of $i$-prime ideals and study some of its properties.  moreover, we give conditions  ...

For P a poset or lattice, let Id(P ) denote the poset, respectively, lattice, of upward directed downsets in P, including the empty set, and let id(P ) = Id(P )−{∅}. This note obtains various results to the effect that Id(P ) is always, and id(P ) often, “essentially larger” than P. In the first vein, we find that a poset P admits no <-respecting map (and so in particular, no one-to-one isotone...

This paper shows that any compactly generated lattice is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible lattices which are complete and upper continuous. An example of a compactly generated lattice which cannot be subdirectly decomposed into subdirectly irreducible compactly generated lattices is given. In the case of an ideal lattice of a lattice L, the decomposition into subdirectly irreducib...

In many tasks related to reasoning about consequences of a logical theory, it is desirable to decompose the theory into a number of components with weakly-related or independent signatures. This facilitates reasoning when the signature of a query formula belongs to only one of the components. However, an initial theory may be subject to change due to execution of actions affecting features ment...