The notion of a linguistic variable [17] together with fuzzy IF-THEN rules suggested a new formalism in the description of a man-machine interaction. Theoretical analysis of this formalism led to creation of a number of fuzzy theories: fuzzy logics, fuzzy measures, theory of t-norms etc. Successful applications of fuzzy IF-THEN rules in control, decision-making and expert systems [16] challenge...

In many practical situations, we must compute the value of an if-then expression f(x) defined as “if c(x) ≥ 0 then f+(x) else f−(x)”, where f+(x), f−(x), and c(x) are computable functions. The value f(x) cannot be computed directly, since in general, it is not possible to check whether a given real number c(x) is non-negative or non-positive. Similarly, it is not possible to compute the value f...

Many myths, theories, and speculations exist as to the exact etiology of the diseases that affected famous artistic painters, composers of classical music, and political leaders. Illness can profoundly affect the productivity and creativity of those who are ill (1). Clinical chemistry, had it existed during the lifetimes of various wellknown individuals, might have unraveled the mysteries of th...

Automatic translation from natural language descriptions into programs is a longstanding challenging problem. In this work, we consider a simple yet important sub-problem: translation from textual descriptions to If-Then programs. We devise a novel neural network architecture for this task which we train end-toend. Specifically, we introduce Latent Attention, which computes multiplicative weigh...

ence, then it will be worthwhile to identify good problems, and even more worthwhile to discover the attributes that make them good problems. This discovery process is necessarily empirical, so we examine several challenge problems, beginning with Turing’s famous test, and more than a dozen attributes that challenge problems might have. We are led to a contrast between research strategies—the s...

This paper presents the first compositional semantics for if then conditionals. The semantics of each element are first examined separately. The meaning of if is modeled according to a possible worlds semantics. The particle then is analyzed as an anaphoric word that places its focused element inside the context settled by a previous element. Their meanings are subsequently combined in order to...