Sleep apnea (SA) leads to metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular dysfunction. Rodent models of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (IH) are used to mimic arterial hypoxemias that occur during SA. This mini-review focuses on our work examining central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms whereby nocturnal IH results in increased sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and hypertension (HTN) that persist thr...

background hip fracture–related pain both before and after surgery is generally reported as severe by most patients. various regional pain control modalities have been described in order to reduce pain in these patients. objectives because of the challenges of lumbar plexus block (lpb) and the fact that the effect of combined femoral nerve block/spinal anesthesia in controlling pain after ortho...

It is becoming apparent that is patients with hirsutism, metabolic aberrations are of greater health importance rather than unwanted hair growth.in this respect , evaluation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was carried out on a group of 92 women with idiopathic hirsutism(IH).these were divided into: obese and non-profit obese  groups.seventy healthy subjects were also taken as control group...

background and aims . dentists administer thousands of local anesthetic injections every day. injection to a highly vascular area such as pterygomandibular space during an inferior alveolar nerve block has a high risk of intravascular needle entrance. accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor may result in cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicit...

Differential vulnerability between Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the molecular bases of this key histopathological aspect would foster the development of much-needed disease-modifying therapies. Non-heterogeneous DAergic degeneration is present in both toxin-based and...

Lüthi, Anita, Thierry Bal, and David A. McCormick. Periodicanisms underlying the slow (0.05–0.2 Hz) recurrence of ity of thalamic spindle waves is abolished by ZD7288, a blocker spindle waves (Bal and McCormick 1996). Spindle waves of Ih . J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3284–3289, 1998. The actions of the are generated as a circuitous interaction between thalamocornovel bradycardiac agent ZD7288 [4-(N-et...

Nitric oxide (NO) decreases norepinephrine (NE) release and the heart rate (HR) response to sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS). We tested the hypothesis that the enhanced HR response to sympathetic activation following chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) results from a peripheral modulation of pacemaking by NO. Isolated guinea pig double atrial/right stellate ganglion preparations were studied f...

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) causes nocturnal chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) that contributes to excess cardiovascular morbidity. To explore the consequences of IH, we used our recently developed model of nocturnal IH in healthy humans to characterise the profile of this blood pressure increase, to determine if it is sustained and to explore potential physiological mechanisms. We...