aacel9a [β-1,4-endoglucanase, (e.c:3.2.1.4)], was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde activated chitosan macrosphere by covalent attachment. the properties of the immobilized aacel9a were investigated by determining the optimum ph and optimum temperature for activity, thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. the immobilization process shifted the enzyme’s optimum temperature from 65 °c for the fr...

Polydiacetylene (PDA) inserted in films or in vesicles has received increasing attention due to its property to undergo a blue-to-red colorimetric transition along with a change from non-fluorescent to fluorescent upon application of various stimuli. In this review paper, the principle for the detection of various microorganisms (bacteria, directly detected or detected through the emitted toxin...

There are known biocatalytic pathways to produce many common fuels and petrochemicals. These biocatalysts can be either enzymes or living microorganisms. The challenge is to produce these fuels and chemicals efficiently and economically. Critical parameters include feedstock Costs, yield, rate and downstream processing. Here we will examine several immobilized biocatalyst reactor designs that w...

Due to the annual increasing volumes of oil and petroleum products extraction refining, probability ecosystem pollution with heavy hydrocarbons is increasing. At present, it biological methods soil purification that are most promising from both an ecological economic point view. The main mining regions characterized by a hot climate high salinity soil. It known effectiveness use destructive mic...

We chemically immobilized live, motile Escherichia coli on micrometer-scale, photocatalytically patterned silicon surfaces via amine- and carboxylic acid-based chemistries. Immobilization facilitated (i) controlled positioning; (ii) high resolution cell wall imaging via atomic force microscopy (AFM); and (iii) chemical analysis with time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Spi...

Contamination of food products by spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms during post process handling is one of the major causes for food spoilage and food borne illnesses. The present green sustainable approach describes the covalent immobilization of papain to LDPE (low density polyethylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and PCL (polycaprolactam) w...

Bioemulsans are amphipathic proteins and/or polysaccharides that stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Bioemulsans are produced by a wide diversity of microorganisms and have potential applications in the food, paper, paint, bioremediation, agriculture, detergent and cosmetics industries. The production of the RAG-1 emulsan has been studied in batch-fed fermentors via self-cycling fermentation and ...

A membrane biofilter is used to biodegrade toluene in the gas phase. Active microorganisms are immobilized on the outside of a hollow fiber membrane cartridge and air containing toluene as the contaminant is passed through the membrane fibers. A porous polysulfone membrane containing water in the pore is used through which both toluene and oxygen are diffused to the biofilm attached to the outs...

Microorganisms play a vital role in heavy metal contaminated soil and wastewater by the mechanisms of biosorption. In this study, heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from the effluent samples of an electroplating industry and the biosorption of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). These isolates were characterized to evaluate their applicability for heavy metal removal from industr...