Developmental exposure to methamphetamine (MA) causes long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits. One pathway through which MA might induce these deficits is by elevating glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoid overexposure during brain development can lead to long-term disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These disruptions affect the regulation of stress responses and m...

Cysteine string proteins (csps) are a recently discovered class of cysteine-rich proteins. They have been shown to associate preferentially with synaptic vesicle fractions of Torpedo electric organ or rat brain where they have been implicated in events associated with transmitter secretion. However, to date there has been no information concerning the distribution of csps in rat tissues. We inv...

To identify the chronological transcortical change in the contralateral hemisphere following ischemic insults, we investigated the changes in microtubule associated protein (MAP) and Na(+)-K+ ATPase expressions in the peri-infarct zone and contralateral hemisphere, including the hippocampus. Two days after hypoxic ischemia, Na(+)-K+ ATPase immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced in the cont...

Levels of angiotensin II immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal gland are over one hundredfold higher than those in plasma. It is unclear, however, whether the major source of adrenal angiotensin II immunoreactivity is intracellular synthesis by a local renin-angiotensin system, uptake by angiotensin II receptors, or both. Our studies show that angiotensin II immunoreactivity in the adrenal gland ...

The distribution of S-100 proteins was examined in 98 pediatric brain neoplasms with rabbit antiserum to S-100 protein, utilizing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique. Positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was present in 22 of 24 astrocytomas, both oligodendrogliomas, eight of 13 ependymomas, all 11 choroid plexus tumors, all nine schwannomas, two of six meningiomas...

Results The number of viable neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) was significantly increased by IPC+ischemia-operated-group compared with that in the ischemia-operated-group 5 days after ischemic insult. We found that strong p63 immunoreactivity was detected in the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the sham-operated-group, and the immunoreactivity was decreased with tim...

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and heterophilic adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix in a Ca2+-independent manner. N-CAM is widely expressed during development and plays a crucial role in cell division, migration, and differentiation, but its expression is restricted in adults. The distribution of N-CAM immunoreactivity in adult rat t...

PURPOSE To investigate the expression of the apoptotic mediators in the retinas from human subjects with diabetes mellitus. METHODS Ten donor eyes from five subjects with diabetes mellitus, and eight eyes from four nondiabetic subjects without known ocular disease serving as control subjects were examined. Immunohistochemical techniques were used with antibodies directed against glial fibrill...

Two G protein subfamilies, Goα and Giα2, were identified and localized immunohistochemically in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of 5-month-old human fetuses. Immunoreactivity for Goα and Giα2 was present in a subset of vomeronasal epithelial cells. Prominent immunoreactivity was observed in apical processes and their apical terminals facing onto the vomeronasal lumen. Nerve fibers associated with t...