BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to develop safe and effective adjuvants for the new generation of subunit vaccines. We developed the tubular immunostimulating complex (TI-complex) as a new nanoparticulate antigen delivery system. The morphology and composition of TI-complexes principally differ from the known vesicular immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs). However, methodology for the prepar...

Although dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immune responses, they exhibit functional heterogeneity depending on their anatomical location. We examined the functional properties of intestinal DCs after oral administration of cholera toxin (CT), the most potent mucosal adjuvant. Two CD11c+ DC subsets were identified both in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) based on the expression of ...

Sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from Ulva pertusa and fractionated to obtain the most immunostimulating fraction (F(2)). The glycosidic linkages of the polysaccharides in the fraction F(2) were determined using GC-MS and 2D-NMR spectroscopy after chemical modifications, including reduction and desulfation under various conditions. Methanol was used as a sulfate acceptor for the removal ...

Casein, a protein found in milk of several species, is divided into different chains from 19 to 25 kDa. Casein is also considered as a source of amino acids and generating peptides with biological activities such as opiate, immunostimulating, antibacterial, peptidase inhibitors, among others. In this work, Sephadex G-10 chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography isolation...

β-(1→3)-Glucans can be found as structural polysaccharides in cereals, in algae or as exo-polysaccharides secreted on the surfaces of mushrooms or fungi. Research has now established that β-(1→3)-glucans can trigger different immune responses and act as efficient immunostimulating agents. They constitute prevalent sources of carbons for microorganisms after subsequent recognition by digesting e...

The highly nutritional and ecofriendly Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) has hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive properties. Spirulina contains functional compounds, such as phenolics, phycocyanins, and polysaccharides, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects. Studies conducted on Spirulina suggest that it is safe in healthy subjects, but attitude to eat...

The authors discuss perspectives for applying photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN); they also analyze domestic and foreign literature sources. Up to now, some experience on the treatment of background, precancerous conditions cancer PDT has been obtained. describe application various photosensitizers (5-aminolevulinic acid, hematoporphyrin, E6 chlor...