We propose and illustrate first steps towards an extension of interaction nets based on monads to handle functions with side effects (e.g., I/O, exceptions). We define three monads for common types of side effects and show their correctness by proving the monad laws.

Background: The “pasta” phase of nuclear matter may play an important role in the structure and evolution of neutron stars. Recent works suggest nuclear pasta has a high resistivity which could be explained by the presence of long-lived topological defects. The defects act as impurities that decrease thermal and electrical conductivity of the pasta. Purpose: To quantify how topological defects ...

DNA vectors for human gene therapy have to meet the efficacy and safety requirements. Minicircles (MCs), a class of optimized DNA vectors free of plasmid backbone (PB) DNAs, have emerged as promising candidates because of their superior transgene expression profiles. However, the existence of impure DNAs, including the unrecombined MC producing plasmid (PP) and PB circle, in the MC products mad...

Individuals with a preference for keeping moral obligations may have an incentive to avoid information indicating that voluntary contributions are socially valuable. The reason is that such information can increase these individuals’perceived burden of responsibility. An increase in the believed social value of contributions a¤ects neither behavior nor the utility of Homo Economicus and of the ...