The article discusses the forms of republicanism that existed in territory Uzbekistan different historical times and eras. author, based on research historians, orientalists memoirs travelers, believes first republic emerged 14th century Samarkand. founders were Sarbadars. second — Tashkent “aristocratic” land-holding (18th century) was founded by Yunus Khoja after a long internecine war. did n...

The article characterizes the sources of history education in 1920-1930s. It describes funds and documents Central State Archive Republic Kazakhstan, archive President state archives Almaty, Kyzylorda, Turkestan, Orenburg regions Russian Federation. Are characterized 4, 5, 127, 173, 194, 377 Kyzylorda Regional value 77th fund city Almaty is estimated. Information about development republic give...

In the second half of XIX century . Russia pursued an active policy in Central Asian khanates, firmly determined to move its border beyond a wide strip deserts and semi-deserts. At same time, rivalry between Russian British Empires for influence control over khanates unfolded. It was political, diplomatic geopolitical duel, so-called “Big Game”, which intelligence played one main roles. To fulf...