predicting the hydraulic behavior of the river and flood zone determination to reduce probable damages, are among measures which in recent years has been the attention of many researchers. mazandaran province, especially the city of neka, each year is affected by the floods with different return periods; therefore, land use changes and the role of these changes were evaluated in flood zones. in...

In Malaysia, flood is one of the most common disasters that happen especially in monsoon time at the end of the year; where it will cause death and property lost. Today the human activities is the major problem that contribute for this disaster such as uncontrolled development, obstruction in river, forest harvested that damage rain catchment area and others factor that contributes to flood. In...

Flood hedging reservoir operation is when a pre-storm release creates a small flood downstream to reduce the likelihood of a more damaging but uncertain larger flood in the future. Such pre-storm releases before a flood can increase reservoir storage capacity available to capture more severe flood flows, but also can immediately increase downstream flood damage and reduce stored water supply. T...

In this work, we intend to answer the question if ability of the manager increase efficiency of incentive. We first create a mathematical model on a principal-agent relationship. The assumption is to consider the performance of the manager as a source of legitimacy which is a factor that will change the tolerance to inequity of the agent. Two main prediction of this model are: 1) if the perform...

Flash flooding often leads to extremely dangerous and sometimes catastrophic conditions 9 in rivers due to characteristics such as: short timescales, the limited opportunity for issuing 10 warnings, and the frequent high average mortality. Many past extreme flood events have been 11 accompanied by flash floods, and they have also been one of the main sources of serious loss of 12 human life amo...

Large-scale floods have the potential to generate substantial economic losses. Within Europe, governments have dealt with these losses in different ways, which may or may not have enhanced adaptability of their societies. In this research we develop a classification of insurance and compensation systems to deal with losses from floods. We suggest that, from the perspective of adaptive capacity ...