Research indicates that in experimental settings, young children of 3-7 years old are unlikely to devise a simple tool to solve a problem. This series of exploratory studies done in museums in the US and UK explores how environment and ownership of materials may improve children's ability and inclination for (i) tool material selection and (ii) innovation. The first study takes place in a child...

‎This paper considers a non-local initial-boundary value problem containing a first order partial differential equation with variable coefficients‎. ‎At first‎, ‎the non-self-adjoint spectral problem is derived‎. ‎Then its adjoint problem is calculated‎. ‎After that‎, ‎for the adjoint problem the associated eigenvalues and the subsequent eigenfunctions are determined‎. ‎Finally the convergence ...

Poor sanitation, including the lack of clean functioning toilets, is a major factor contributing to morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in the developing world. We examine correlates of latrine ownership in rural India with a focus on social network predictors. Participants from 75 villages provided the names of their social contacts as well as their own relevant demographic and ho...

Livestock ownership has the potential to improve child nutrition through various mechanisms, although direct evaluations of household livestock and child stunting status are uncommon. We conducted an analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets from Ethiopia (2011), Kenya (2008-2009), and Uganda (2010) among rural children under 5 years of age to compare stunting status across level...

We study the implications of CEO equity ownership for incentives and control in a sample of 1,011 newly public firms. Before an initial public offering, equity investments by venture capitalists reduce CEO ownership by about half, from an average of 35 percent to 19 percent. Venture capitalists narrow this difference by granting options, reducing secondary sales, and lowering the dilution by pr...

information dissemination throughout the society is carried out by a phenomenon called news. this phenomenon is in relation to various social institutions as well as different aspects of people’s lives. in the present article, the writers believe that, firstly, the phenomenon of news, despite the operations carried out to disseminate and present it, has material value and that its economic valu...

Ownership types support information hiding by providing object-based encapsulation. However the static restrictions they impose on object accessibility can limit the expressiveness of ownership types. In order to deal with real applications, it is sometimes necessary to admit mechanisms for dynamically exposing otherwise encapsulated information. The need for policies and mechanisms to control ...