Intellectual disability (ID) occurs in almost 3% of newborns. Despite substantial research, a fundamental question about its origin and links to intelligence (IQ) still remains. ID has been shown to be inherited and has been accepted as the extreme low of the normal IQ distribution. However, ID displays a complex pattern of inheritance. Previously, noninherited rare mutations were shown to cont...

The assessment of pain in a person with an intellectual disability (ID) is often a difficult undertaking complicated by idiosyncratic reactions or vague descriptions. The person with an ID may also be unable to verbally communicate their discomfort. For the carer who knows the individual with an ID, knowing how they respond to painful stimuli assists the carer to detect new instances of pain. T...

Person re-identifi cation (re-id) is an important problem for monitoring & surveillance at airports. This is emerging as a critical problem with the pervasive use of camera networks in surveillance systems. Re-id deals with maintaining identities of individuals traversing different cameras. The goal of person re-id is to maintain the identity of an individual in diverse locations through differ...

Most research on mental health in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) has focused on deficits. We examined individual (i.e., sociocommunicative skills, adaptive behavior, functional cognitive skills) and contextual (i.e., home, school, and community participation) correlates of thriving in 330 youth with ID and ASD compared to youth with ID only, 11-...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to test if Antonovsky's theory of sense of coherence can facilitate understanding: (1). individual differences in psychological adaptation in parents of children with intellectual disability (ID); and (2). why parents of children with ID generally experience higher levels of stress and depression than parents of children who develop normally. METHOD...

Estimating the intrinsic dimensionality (ID) of an intrinsically low (d-) dimensional data set embedded in a high (n-) dimensional input space by conventional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is computationally hard because PCA scales cubic (O(n)) with the input dimension [11]. Besides this computational drawback, global PCA will overestimate the ID if the data manifold is curved. In this pap...

While numerous studies have implicated copy number variants (CNVs) in a range of neurological phenotypes, the impact relative to disease severity has been difficult to ascertain due to small sample sizes, lack of phenotypic details, and heterogeneity in platforms used for discovery. Using a customized microarray enriched for genomic hotspots, we assayed for large CNVs among 1,227 individuals wi...

IMPORTANCE The incidence of thyroid cancer has been steadily increasing; however, no clear reason for the increase in incidence has been identified. OBJECTIVES To compare incidentally discovered (ID) thyroid cancer via non-thyroid-related imaging with nonincidentally discovered (NID) thyroid cancer, as well as determine if differences in tumor characteristics and patient presentation in ID th...

This paper clarifies a long-standing ambiguity in the notion of social representations; it provides clear operational definition relation between representation and individual representation. definition, grounded theory sets, supports most current empirical investigation methods representations. In short, an object population is mathematical set representations individuals that have for this ob...