Can persons be held morally responsible for harmful consequences that result from the acts or omissions of their nation or society, even if they conscientiously avoid contributing toward those consequences qua individuals?What if those acts and omissions, together with a great many other similar ones committed against the backdrop of social norms that tolerate and even encourage such harmful be...

In international relations, each state has historically pursued its own interests by various means. Although these have not always taken a violent form (for example, there are actors such as the empires of successive Chinese dynasties which, in their relations with neighbours, emphasized respect for emperor and prestige at expense violence, or Ottoman Empire after initial expansion phase, creat...