because every day production of refuse material is increasing, interest in the development of biogas units in many countries, both as traditional and industrial plants, has been increased. about 74 million tons of methane gas is produced from cattle dung and 40 million tons is produced only from urban solid wastes in the world annually .this would influence the greenhouse effect india and china...

Aims and Background Economic growth almost inevitably leads to substantial movement of labour from the rural agricultural sector to secondary and tertiary industries in cities. This movement is thought to benefit both those who migrate and those who remain behind. As a result, rural-urban migration is often regarded as one of the most effective ways to reduce rural poverty and alleviate income ...

Urban and rural areas may have different levels of environmental contamination and different potential sources of exposure. Many metals, i.e., arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), have well-documented negative neurological effects, and the developing fetus and young children are particularly at risk. Using a database of mother and child pairs, three areas were identified: a rural area wit...

This paper disaggregates the various sources of rural income growth in Peru between 2004 and 2012 and shows that about 80% of the increase came from rising earnings and only 15% from transfer programs. This increase in rural earnings was not led by agriculture. It was mainly because of a general rise in wages across industrial and services activities within the rural population, coupled with a ...

Industrialization, beside the agriculture, is the most important alternative to diversify of rural economy and generate income and employment opportunities, especially in Third World. Appropriate location allocation for rural industrialization is the most feature of industrial decentralization towards regional and rural development. It needs considering uncertain criteria and conditions, which ...

Quality of bronchoscopy performed by one single pulmonologist in a scarcely populated subarctic area was compared to the guidelines provided by the British Thoracic Society (BTS). 103 patients underwent bronchoscopy. Diagnostic yield was increased to 76.6% when the first bronchoscopy was supplemented by bronchial washing fluid and brush cytology and to 86.7% (BTS guidelines >80%) after a second...

Karel Charvat [email protected] Rural tourism starts to play important role in the whole agribusiness and rural development. In many remote areas, it starts to be the main economic activity. The development of such kind of activities is now supported as an opportunity for sustainable development of rural areas. Rural tourism is a chance, how to give farmers a new opportunity for profit from the tour...

Passerine species have been increasingly used as bioindicators of metal bioaccumulation especially by taking benefit of non-invasive procedures, such as collecting feathers and excrements. In 2009, metal (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) concentrations were determined in feathers and excrements of nestling and adult female great tits (Parus major) in industrial (a paper mill) and rural sites ...