• The social contract can be studied along the four parameters (4Ps) of: protection, provision, participation and production of hegemony. Applying 4Ps framework to education yields unique insights on as a lived differentiated experience citizenship. Analysis in Egypt challenges earlier conceptions Arab contract, its disintegration uprisings. Youth experiences Egyptian schools reflect gendered c...

In Germany, informal home care is preferred to professional care services in the public discussion as well as in legal care regulations. However, they ascribe only minor importance to the opportunity costs care givers have to face. Therefore, this paper explores the infl uence home care has on the labor supply of carers who live together with their care recipient. I am using the German Socio-Ec...

Social development undoubtedly requires people participation in different domains. It seems without participation, we cannot achieve a people-centered, inclusive and sustainable social development. In the social development process, all citizens with various ethnic and religious interests are able to affect on all the social phenomena and variables, based on their competencies and mental capaci...

The paper uses the concept of credit limit to analyze the determinants of household access to and participation in informal and formal credit markets in Malawi. Households are found to be credit constrained, on average, both in the formal and informal sectors; they borrow, on average, less than half of any increase in their credit lines. Furthermore, they are not discouraged in their participat...

Learners encounter science in a wide variety of contexts beyond the science classroom which collectively could be quite influential on student attitudes and abilities. But relatively little is known about the relative influence of different forms of informal science experiences, especially for the kinds of experiences that students typically access. We conduct factor and regression analyses on ...

This paper investigates the relationship between formal and informal financial institutions in India. Traditional views treat formal financial institutions and the informal ones as substitutes, in which case previously credit-constrained entities will replace their informal financing by formal financing eventually as they gain access to bank loans. However, in this paper, I take a close look at...