Blow out fracture of orbit involves fracture of orbital floor without fracture of infraorbital rim. This injury is common from frontal blow to orbit. Frontal blow to orbit causes increased intraorbital tension causing fracture of floor of the orbit (weak point) with prolapse of orbital content into the maxillary sinus cavity. This causes enophthalmos and diplopia. Infraorbital rim is not involv...

The main objective in dermatologic surgery is complete excision of the tumour while achieving the best possible functional and cosmetic outcome. Also we must take into account age, sex, and tumour size and site. We should also consider the patient's expectations, the preservation of the different cosmetic units, and the final cosmetic outcome. Various reconstructive methods ranging from seconda...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical treatment with pregabalin and diclofenac on neuropathic orofacial pain induced by infraorbital nerve injury in the rat. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats underwent infraorbital nerve injury. Seven days after surgery, pain was verified and the rats randomly assigned to topical or systemic treatment with pregabalin ...

A Labrador retriever was evaluated because of chronic mucopurulent discharge from the left eye. A foreign body was identified in the nasolacrimal duct by use of dacryocystorhinography. Attempts to alleviate the inflammation by use of flushing and administration of antimicrobials were unsuccessful. At surgery, the infraorbital foramen was used as a landmark for a skin incision, because the nasol...

A rich fossil record chronicles the distant origins of mammals, but the evolution of defining soft tissue characters of extant mammals, such as mammary glands and hairs is difficult to interpret because soft tissue does not readily fossilize. As many soft tissue features are derived from dermic structures, their evolution is linked to that of the nervous syutem, and palaeoneurology offers oppor...

The aim of this research was to analyze the surgical approaches and methods of rigid fixation used to treat zygomatic complex (ZC) fractures over a 10-year period. One hundred fifty-three patients who underwent surgery to treat ZC fractures between 1999 and 2008 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic information, signs, and symptoms of the fractures, classification, surgical approaches, an...

Snot adalah salah satu gejala infeksi saluran pernafasan atas pada ayam, yang biasanya ditandai oleh kesulitan bernafas, eksudat dari rongga hidung, pembengkakan sinus infraorbital, ngorok, dan bersin. Meskipun seringkali dihubungkan dengan snot, tidak semua kejadian penyakit snot disebabkan Avibaterium paragallinarum. Penyakit unggas sulit untuk diberantas karena manajemen peternakan kurang ba...