An approach for the fast localization and detection of an absorbing inhomogeneity in a tissuelike scattering medium is presented. The probability of detection as a function of the size, location, and absorptive properties of the inhomogeneity is investigated. The detection sensitivity in relation to the source and detector location serves as a basis for instrument design.

We establish very precise estimates for the time harmonic scattering effects of an inhomogeneity. Our estimates are valid at all frequencies, and are independent of the contents of the inhomogeneity. The involved constants are independent of the frequency.We use these estimates to assess the effectivity of approximate electromagnetic cloaks constructed by so called “mapping techniques”.

The material properties of articular cartilage are depth-dependent, i.e. they differ in the superficial, middle and deep zones. The role of this depth-dependent material inhomogeneity in the poromechanical response of the knee joint has not been investigated with patient-specific joint modeling. In the present study, the depth-dependent and site-specific material properties were incorporated in...

We consider both analytically and numerically the effect of inhomogeneity of Josephson properties of grain boundaries in YBCO thin films on unquantized (splinter) vortices. It is shown that in general a smooth inhomogeneity breaks the complementarity condition /1 þ /2 1⁄4 /0 relating magnetic fluxes /1 and /2 carried by adjacent splinter vortices. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 7...

We establish L-based estimates of the scattering produced by a small circular inhomogeneity. These estimates apply to any frequency, and most importantly they exhibit a behaviour that is consistent with numerically observed solutions, uniformly in frequency and size of the inhomogeneity.

Contacts involving partial slip are commonly found at the interfaces formed by mechanical components. However, most theoretical investigations of partial slip are limited to homogeneous materials. This work proposes a novel and fast method for partial-slip contact involving a material with an inhomogeneity based on the equivalent inclusion method, where the inhomogeneity is replaced by an inclu...

PURPOSE The conventional spectrally selective fat saturation pulse may perform poorly with inhomogeneous amplitude of static (polarizing) field (B0 ) and/or amplitude of (excitation) radiofrequency field (B1 ) fields. We propose a four dimensional spectral-spatial fat saturation pulse that is more robust to B0/B1 inhomogeneity and also shorter than the conventional fat saturation pulse. THEOR...

 Abstract Background: Adjacent treatment fields are commonly used in external beam radiation therapy, such as mantle and inverted-Y fields for the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease and craniospinal fields used in the treatment of medulloblastoma and head and neck tumors when the lateral neck fields are placed adjacent to the anterior supraclavicular field. In each of these situations, there is a p...