BACKGROUND We present temporal trends in self-reported and biological markers of unprotected sex and sex with concurrent partners in discordant couples receiving couples' voluntary HIV counselling and testing (CVCT). METHODS Heterosexual Zambian HIV-serodiscordant couples were enrolled into longitudinal follow-up in an open cohort (1994-2012). Multivariable Anderson-Gill models explored predi...

BACKGROUND In rural areas of Kenya, where the majority of Kenya's population lives, contraceptive use remains low compared with that in urban areas (37% vs. 47%). Inadequate access to family planning services in rural areas is partly due to fewer health facilities and the shortage of health care workers. Community-based access to injectable contraceptives can improve access for rural population...

BACKGROUND Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive is a long-acting contraceptive given intramuscularly to give protection against unwanted pregnancy for a period of 2 or 3 months, depending on the type. Alterations in menstrual pattern are a well known side effect of this effective contraceptive method. OBJECTIVES To determine the characteristics of women accepting the method, complication...

BACKGROUND Increased fertility rates in HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been attributed to improved immunological function; it is unknown to what extent the rise in pregnancy rates is due to unintended pregnancies. METHODS Non-pregnant women ages 18-35 from four public-sector ART clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa, were enrolled into a prospective cohort and ...

The biggest use of contraceptives in Indonesia is 3-month injectable contraceptives, 3- month containing Depo Medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) where long-term DMPA contraception results sex hormone deficiency so that the acceptor experiences sexual dysfunction aspects desire (libido) and intercourse pain. purpose this study was to analyze relationship between long hormonal with incidence acce...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contraceptive choices and usage of women in rural Aba, Southeastern Nigeria, and identify factors influencing their choice and usage of modern contraceptive methods. METHODS The records of new and old acceptors of family planning methods between 1 November 2005 and 31 October 2007 at the reproductive health clinic of a primary health care center in Osisioma Ngwa loca...

OBJECTIVE To analyze trends of use of methods of contraception along with study of impact of various demographic and social factors on contraception in Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study with random purposive sampling was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Mar 2015-Nov 2015. Self-designed questionnaire with demographic details and questions per...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of hormonal contraception including combined oral contraceptives (COCs), and the injectable progestins depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enanthate (Net-En) on the risk of HIV acquisition among women in South Africa. DESIGN/METHODS We analyzed data from 5567 women aged 16-49 years participating in the Carraguard Phase 3 Efficacy Trial....

OBJECTIVE The contraceptive needs of illicit opioid users differ from non-drug users but are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe contraceptive use and pregnancy outcomes in opioid-using women, and to examine their association with a range of risk factors. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used UK general practice records, Treatment Outcomes Profile and National Drug ...

Injectable DMPA contraception can cause changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Changes fat metabolism occur because of the hormonal influence progesterone, causing disruption balance lipid profiles body. The change serum profile (trgliseride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL) long-term use is a risk factor for atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease. purpose this study was to look at description 3 mon...