Instruction-set randomization (ISR) obfuscates the “language” understood by a system to protect against code-injection attacks by presenting an ever-changing target. ISR was originally motivated by code injection through buffer overflow vulnerabilities. However, Stuxnet demonstrated that attackers can exploit other vectors to place malicious binaries into a victim’s filesystem and successfully ...

Background Ranibizumab (Lucentis) is an antibody fragment with high binding affinity for all isoforms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and is specifically developed for intraocular use. Since its introduction in 2007 it has been administered increasingly and in our hospital approximately 1650 intravitreal injections were given in 2013. Ranibizumab is injected monthly and in most...

In part one of this series, Moore (2004a) introduced the general principles of stream gauging by salt dilution. In subsequent articles, Moore (2004b, 2005) described techniques of constant-rate injection and slug injection using salt in solution. This is the final article in the series and details the “mass balance method.” Originally described by Elder et al. (1990), the mass balance method di...