OBJECTIVES To calculate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among inpatient heroin users, and to study the relationships between these infections and patient demographics. METHODS In this retrospective study, heroin users' inpatient records from the Alamal Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were reviewed for HIV, HB...

Aims To examine trends in prescription opioid (PO) injection and to assess its association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Montreal, Canada. Participants HCV-negative IDUs at baseline, reporting injection in the past month. Measurements Semi-annual visits included HCV antibody testing and an interview-admini...

BACKGROUND There is little understanding about how the social networks of cocaine injectors are different from those of heroin users and about how such differences are associated with injection risk behaviours. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare drug-injecting network characteristics of cocaine and heroin injectors believed to be associated with a risk of bloodborne infection...

Background: There is high prevalence of HIV among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Vietnam with a national level prevalence just under 20%. Both drug and sex related risk behaviors are widespread among IDUs. The objective of this review is to analyze HIV risk behaviors and identify the epidemiologic implications. Methods: Major databases were searched during November-December, 2011. Finally, 55 p...

The Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) will use an advanced, high-velocity pellet injection system to achieve and maintain ignited plasmas. Two pellet injectors are provided: a moderate-velocity (1 to 1 S-km/s), single-stage pneumatic injector with high reliability and a high-velocity (4to 5-km/s), two-stage pellet injector that uses frozen hydrogenic pellets encased in sabots. Both pellet injector...

Many children with diabetes require small doses of insulin administered with syringes or pen-injector devices (at the Booth Hall Paediatric Diabetic Clinic, 20% of children aged 0-5 years receive 1-2 U insulin doses). To determine how accurately and reproducibly small doses are delivered, 1, 2, 5, and 10 U doses of soluble insulin (100 U/ml) were dispensed in random order 15 times from five new...

Averaged across crop, year and season , residue cover reduction was significantly less for coulter-type applicators than for disk-type applica-tors (P<0.001), disk-type applicators reduced residue cover significantly less than chisel and sweep injectors (P<0.001), and chisel and sweep injec-tors reduced residue cover similar to a tandem disk (P=0.398). Ranges of values to estimate the percentag...

Currently there are no FDA-approved DMEK injectors. American surgeons have found many creative off-label methods around this obstacle. Many surgeons use modified intraocular lens injection cartridges for this purpose. The Staar microinjector (Staar Surgical Company, Monrovia, CA) was one of the most common inserters initially used for DMEK in the US (Fig. 131.1B). The Staar injector is an open ...