Prior reports have described the mechanism initially responsible for transitional tumor cell adherence and implantation on injured urothelial surfaces. This study further quantifies variables that influence the size of tumor inoculum at the injury site and thereby affect bladder tumor recurrence risk. The surface area of urothelial injury, the concentration of tumor cells in the intravesical ba...

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, transmitted from Amblyomma americanum ticks, causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. It also infects white-tailed deer, dogs and several other vertebrates. Deer are its reservoir hosts, while humans and dogs are incidental hosts. E. chaffeensis protein expression is influenced by its growth in macrophages and tick cells. We report here infection progression in deer or dogs i...

L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amido hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent which plays a vital role in treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders, lymphosarcoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in particular. An attempt is made in the present study to optimize the production of L-asparaginase by Fusarium equiseti using soya bean meal under solid state fermenta...

The inoculum effect (IE) is the phenomenon observed where changes in the inoculum size used in an experiment alters the outcome with respect to, for example, the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial or the growth/no growth boundary for a given set of environmental conditions. Various hypotheses exist as to the cause of the IE such as population heterogeneity and quorum sensing, ...

Prior reports have described the mechanism initially responsible for transitional tumor cell adherence and implantation on injured urothelial surfaces. This study further quantifies variables that influence the size of tumor inoculum at the injury site and thereby affect bladder tumor recurrence risk. The surface area of urothelial injury, the concentration of tumor cells in the intravesical ba...

AIMS The effect of spore density on the germination (time-to-germination, percent germination) of Bacillus megaterium spores on tryptic soy agar was determined using direct microscopic observation. METHODS AND RESULTS Inoculum size varied from approximately 10(3) to 10(8) cfu ml(-1) in a medium where pH=7 and the sodium chloride concentration was 0.5% w/v. Inoculum size was measured by global...

The effect of inoculum form, i.e. ungerminated conidia, germinated conidia and hyphae on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 12 strains belonging to Aspergillus spp. was compared using a broth microdilution method. The isolates were tested three times on different days against amphotericin B, itraconazole and ketoconazole. There were no significant differences between MICs obtained with t...

A rapid carbohydrate utilization procedure for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and identification of other Neisseria species has been developed. This method utilizes both preformed enzymes, introduced in a heavy inoculum, and enzymes formed by the microorganisms as a result of growth in a small volume of super-enriched medium. Expected carbohydrate reactions were produced by 383 clini...

ABSTRACT Sources of inoculum were investigated for dominant hosts of Phytophthora ramorum in a redwood forest. Infected trunks, twigs, and/or leaves of bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) were tested in the laboratory for sporangia production. Sporangia occurred on all plant tissues with the highest percentage on bay laurel...

A study was conducted to identify the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) infection on growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) rooted cuttings. This experiment comprised of three inoculum rates (75g, 100g, and 150g of sorghum root-soil mixture containing Funneliformis mosseae) per 2kg of soil as well as two cultivars namely Panniyur-1 and GK49. Shoot and root ...