Inorganic arsenic is a potent carcinogen and environmental pollutant. More than one hundred million people are reported to be exposed to elevated concentrations of arsenic mainly via drinking water. Essential trace elements can affect toxicity of metals by interacting with metals at the primary site of action and can also modify the body's response to toxic metals by altering their metabolism a...

No other modern era chemist has influenced chemistry and molecular biology as much as Professor Linus Pauling (1901–1994) (Fig. 1). In a career spanning seven decades he worked and made important contributions in all areas of chemistry including physical, structural, analytical, inorganic, and organic chemistry, as well as biochemistry. While always being interested in the structure and bonding...

Juvenile Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length 16.8 ± 2.2 cm, and mean weight 72.8 ± 5.4 g) were exposed for 2 months with different levels of ammonia (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 mg/L). Growth performances such as daily length gain, daily weight gain, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were significantly decreased by ammonia exposure. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (R...

Which elements are essential for human life? Here we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and attempt to assess whether elements are essential or not, and if they are, whether there is a relevant code for them in the human genome. There are many difficulties such as the human biochemistry of several so-called essential elements is not well understood, and it is not clea...

core-shell 12-tungstophosphoric acid/tio2 (hpw/tio2) nanoparticles at 10 and 20% of hpw have been synthesized by simple in-situ sol- gel method. characterization of the samples was carried out by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), fourier transform infrared (ftir). the x-ray diffraction patterns of as prepared solid samples, indicated characteristic peaks of titania wi...

Microbial redox reactions of inorganic sulfur compounds are one of the important reactions responsible for the recycling of this element to maintain the environmental sulfur balance. These reactions are carried out by phylogenetically diverse set of microorganisms. The sulfur oxidizing gene cluster (sox) of thermo-neutrophilic bacterium Hydrogenobacter thermophilus consists of soxYZAXB. The bac...

The nature of strong negative cooperativity displayed by alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli was investigated by alternative substrate and product inhibition studies, and by catalytic rate constant (kcat) measurements. To see whether the idled subunit in this dimeric enzyme plays a mechanistic role in the overall catalysis, the flip-flop model proposed by Lazdunski et al. ((1971) Eur. J....

ChemDoodle Web Components (abbreviated CWC, iChemLabs, LLC) is a light-weight (~340 KB) JavaScript/HTML5 toolkit for chemical graphics, structure editing, interfaces, and informatics based on the proprietary ChemDoodle desktop software. The library uses and WebGL technologies and other HTML5 features to provide solutions for creating chemistry-related applications for the web on deskto...

It has long been believed that phosphorylase is involved in the synthesis of starch, which constitutes 70 to 80% of the mature rice grain. Aimi and his associates (1, 2, 3) found that during the ripening process a parallel relationship exists between starch synthesis and phosphorylase activity in rice grains. But we can not exclude the possible existence of mechanisms other than phosphorylase r...