We conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum outbreaks in villages in the Cukurova region, South Anatolia, Turkey. 282 respondents from eight villages were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, personal protection and knowledge of leishmania were analyzed. Young people, a...

A B S T R C TThe use of synthetic pyrethroids in insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) and sprayform (IRS) has been carried out since 2012 Muara Emil Village 2016 inall villages Tanjung Agung District, Enim Regency. Biochemical resistancecan occur to the enzymes that play a role detoxifying insecticide. This studyaims identify whether there is an increase levels enzyme CytochromeP450 monooxygena...

As early as 1910 Ross recommended bed nets as a protection against infective bites of vector anophelines. Bed nets also provide an efficient protection against many other biting insects and are an element of comfort. But despite this protective effect they did not significantly decrease the risk of infection and of morbidity in highly endemic areas (Snow et al., 1988a). Impregnation of bed nets...

Surveys were conducted in malaria-endemic villages in the southern province of Attapeu, Lao PDR during various seasons over a 3-year period. All-night mosquito landing collections, blood surveys and a case-control study were conducted. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species, and slide positivity rates were higher during the transition/dry season compared with the wet season. Anophele...

Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase globally in the coverage of effective interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria. Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying with insecticides, and the use of more effective antimalarials have been the cornerstones of such measures, and there are now clear signs of a sustained reduction in the burde...

— The paper challenges the conventional wisdom that water and sanitation improvements and other preventive health interventions are always a wise economic investment. Costs and benefits are presented for six water, sanitation, and health programs—handwashing, sanitation, point-of-use filtration and chlorination, insecticide-treated bed nets, and cholera vaccination. Model parameters are specifi...

The efficacies of using residual house spraying and insecticide-treated nets against malaria vectors are compared, using data from six recent comparisons in Africa, Asia and Melanesia. By all the entomological and malariological criteria recorded, pyrethroid-treated nets were at least as efficacious as house spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malathion or a pyrethroid. However...

Results: The overall coverage of DDT was low (25.3%). Coverage was slightly better among tribal households (31.3%) compared to non-tribal population (19.4%). The acceptance of DDT spray was found to be significantly associated with knowledge about mode of transmission of malaria and type of house. Room-wise coverage was not as per norms. Refusal of DDT was seen more among non-tribal communities...