background dermatophytes are a group of keratinophilic fungi worldwide, which can infect the skin, hair and nails of humans and animals. this genus includes several species that present different features of dermatophytosis. although, laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytes is based on direct microscopy, biochemical tests and culture, these manners are expensive, time consuming and need skilled s...

Genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes have been extremely successful in discovering loci that contribute genetic effects to susceptibility to the disease. However, at the vast majority of these loci, the variants and transcripts through which these effects on type 2 diabetes are mediated are unknown, limiting progress in defining the pathophysiological basis of the disease. In this...

INTRODUCTION 272 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF OBESITY AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASE 273 Background – Do We Need Drugs for Obesity? 273 Current Drugs for Obesity and Their Limitations 274 Other Drugs – Withdrawn or No Longer Recommended for Routine Clinical Use 275 The Need for New Drugs 275 BIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF ENERGY REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR OBESITY 276 Short-Term (Episodic) Signals 276 Meal On...

These data suggest that insulin secretion in WSB mice is blunted specifically in vivo, either due to a reduced insulin requirement and/or due to factors that are absent or destroyed in vitro. These studies also highlight the role of post-natal growth in determining adult β-cell mass. Mice are important animal models for the study of metabolic physiology and the genetics of complex traits. Wild-...

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a source of inflammatory cytokines that in obese subjects may contribute to low-level systemic inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome. Expansion of VAT involves adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and requires breakdown of the extracellular matrix and increased vascular outgrowth. To investigate changes of gene expression associated with VAT expans...

This paper discusses cyberinformation studies of the amino acid composition of insulin, in particular the identification of scientific terminology that could describe this phenomenon, ie, the study of genetic information, as well as the relationship between the genetic language of proteins and theoretical aspects of this system and cybernetics. The results of this research show that there is a ...

blood samples (291857) from 24 provinces of iran were tested for abo and rh groups. the rh complexes as well as kell, duffy, kidd, lutheran, kp and xg blood groups were tested only on a part of the material from tehran. results show a great deal of heterogeneity for abo and rh groups in various provinces of iran. the calculated gene frequencies are compared with those of other investigations in...

in 1998 international guidelines on principles of ethics in medical genetics and genetic services was edited and provided by the world health organization. these principles are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficience, proportionality of beneficence and non-malificience, and justice. the world health organization considers the observance of these principles highly important and expects all membe...

background: inversion of the uterus is very uncommon. patients may present with pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, or hemodynamic shock. case: we report a case of 35 years old women (virgin) who was admitted with profuse vaginal bleeding and cramps of uterus. in the vaginal examination at litothomy position a mass of 58 cm in size was protruded from the vagina. at first myomectomy was performed a...

Trauma is the most common cause of mortality among individuals aged between 1 and 44 years and the third leading cause of mortality overall in the US. In this study, we examined the effects of trauma on the expression of genes in Drosophila melanogaster, a useful model for investigating genetics and physiology. After trauma was induced by a non-lethal needle puncture of the thorax, we observed ...