IRS-1 is a major insulin receptor substrate which may play an important role in insulin signal transmission. The mRNA for IRS-1 in rat cells and tissues is about 9.5 kilobases (kb). Rat liver IRS-1 was stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO/IRS-1). Although its calculated molecular mass is 131 kDa, IRS-1 from quiescent cells migrated between 165 and 170 kDa during sodium dod...

Current hypotheses implicate insulin resistance of the brain as a pathogenic factor in development Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, major depression, traumatic injury. A variety genetic, developmental, metabolic abnormalities that lead to disturbances receptor signal transduction may underlie resistance. Insulin substrate proteins are gener...

Previous studies have suggested that antiestrogens inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation by alteringthe expression or activity of components of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling pathway, including IGF-I receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In this report, we examine the effects of the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) on various targets of IGF...

Previous studies have suggested that antiestrogens inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation by altering the expression or activity of components of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling pathway, including IGF-I receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In this report, we examine the effects of the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) on various targets of IG...

We have previously demonstrated that the insulin resistance associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in two different models of obesity, diet-induced obesity and the ob/ob mice, is mediated by S-nitrosation of proteins involved in insulin signal transduction: insulin receptor beta-subunit (IRbeta), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1), and Akt. S-nitrosation of IRbeta and...