This article addresses the development of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) arrangements for accessing viruses and the development of vaccines to respond to potential pandemics (and other lesser outbreaks). It examines the ongoing "conflict" between the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellect...

A particular relevance of intellectualization of entrepreneurship is proved in the article. It is offered the concept of "intellectual securing for entrepreneurship". The intellectual securing provides the organization and self-organization of continuous information and knowledge torrents in the system "education-science-entrepreneurship". Intellectual entrepreneurship is considered as the resu...

This paper explores the interaction between long run economic growth, financial development, and intellectual property rights through a general equilibrium, over-lapping generation, infinite horizon, endogenous R&D model with heterogeneous agents. I find that a reduced collateral constraint leads to both an ability to engage more heavily in research and a reduced incentive to engage in research...

The persistent attempts of the major industrial nations to press ahead with the newly initiated (Doha) round of international trade negotiations under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have met with resistance from the developing countries (DCs). The failure of the WTO Ministerial meeting in Cancun and the slow pace of trade negotiations both before and since then are potent pr...

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Firms often collaborate to produce inter-operability standards so that independently designed products can work together. When this process takes place in a Standard Setting Organization (SSO), participants are typically required to disclose any intellectual property rights (IP) that would be infringed by a proposed standard, and asked for a commitment to license their essential IP on fair, rea...

40 children who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by irradiation to the central nervous system and by chemotherapy were assessed, using general psychological measures. These children were compared with a group of normal children of similar ages and backgrounds, and with a group of 16 patients treated for solid tumours. The group of 16 patients with solid tumours was also compar...