interleukin-4 (il-4) is produced by t-helper cells type 2 (th2) and induces ige synthesis. t-helper cells type 1 (th1) produce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) which suppresses th2 and reduces il-4 induced ige production. in this :;tudy , we demonstrated that the levels of specific ige in the serum of atopic children (n=20) were elevated while il-4 production was increased and ifn-gamma secretion w...

Background: Salivary gland tumors are among malignancies that have high recurrence rate. Immune responses in salivary gland tumors have not been well elucidated. T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines have been reported to play a role in the outcome of head and neck cancers. Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN- γ), as the hallmark of Th1 cytokines, and interleukin-...

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are key cytokines whose increased production during systemic HIV infection has been associated with decreased cellular immunity during AIDS. We examined whether HIV-induced stimulation of IL-4 or IL-10 production leads to increased susceptibility to AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis. It was confirmed that there were increased amounts of...

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation. The intensity of IL4 response depends upon binding to its receptor, IL-4R. The therapeutic efficiency of interleukins can be increased by generating structural mutants having greater stability. In the present work, attempts were made to increase the stability of human I...

AIM To determine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression in response to mechanical injury in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells. METHODS Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion by HRPE cells after mechanical denudation. IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA expression by HRPE cells was assessed using semiqua...