Various studies investigating the future impacts of integrating high levels of renewable energy make use of historical meteorological (met) station data to produce estimates of future generation. Hourly means of 10m horizontal wind are extrapolated to a standard turbine hub height using the wind profile power or log law and used to simulate the hypothetical power output of a turbine at that loc...

Abstract With the development of science and technology, intelligent pavement smoothness detection becomes possible. Intelligent IRI (International Roughness Index) is one important directions performance detection. Different from traditional detection, uses smart phones to collect traffic vibration data. There are many indexes in evaluation unit driving data, can be realized by extracting inde...

Hypothetical neural codes underlying the sensation of tactile roughness were investigated in a combined psychophysical and neurophysiological study. The stimulus set consisted of plastic surfaces embossed with dot arrays of varying dot diameter and center-to-center spacing. Human subjects explored each surface with the pad of the index finger and reported their subjective sense of roughness mag...

We propose a long-term parameterization scheme for two critical parameters, zero-plane displacement height (d) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0m), that we further use in the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS). A sensitivity analysis of SEBS indicated that these two parameters largely impact the estimated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes. First, we calibrated regression relationships b...

An approximate analytical model was developed to estimate scalar ̄ux footprint in thermally strati®ed atmospheric surface layer ̄ows. The proposed model was based on a combination of Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model results and dimensional analysis. The main advantage of this model is its ability to analytically relate atmospheric stability, measurement height, and surface roughness length...

The outcoupling of light from thin films with a high refractive index is a problem occurring in lighting and display applications based on different technologies. Three different solutions are suggested: one-dimensional microcavity structures, roughness in the emitting layer, and roughness in the substrate/air interface. The advantages and drawbacks of these principles have to be evaluated for ...

There are no existing local design manuals and construction guidelines for reinforced earth structures in Kenya. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance pavement found on sections along Outer Ring Road. structural evaluation determined from deflection measurements using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), while functional by visual condition survey, roughness, rut depth meas...

Light distribution in a strong turbid medium such as skin tissue depends on both the bulk optical properties and the profiles of the interfaces where mismatch in the refractive index occurs. We present recent results of a numerical investigation on the light distribution inside a human skin tissue phantom for a converging laser beam with a wavelength near 1 mum and its dependence on the roughne...