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civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...

... The Puzzle: The Internet is a wonderful innovation, allowing people around the world to communicate, trade, and obtain services. ... As compared to verification cost in real space, verification cost on the Internet is higher. ... Internet, and perhaps also real space, activities are policed by private sector institutions and professional gatekeepers. ... Not surprisingly, they are mostly th...

W iretaps have been used since the invention of the telegraph and have been a legal element of the US law enforcement arsenal for more than a quarter century. In keeping with law enforcement’s efforts to keep laws current with changing technologies, in 1994 the US Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA). The law proved to be controversial because it mandate...

This exploratory analysis examines the role of the Internet in juvenile prostitution cases coming to the attention of law enforcement. The National Juvenile Prostitution Study (N-JPS) collected information from a national sample of law enforcement agencies about the characteristics of juvenile prostitution cases. In comparison to non-Internet juvenile prostitution cases, Internet juvenile prost...

The objective of this paper is to present the examples of common practices developed by Internet companies, which are so widespread in the international electronic commerce that they could serve as the basis for adjudicating disputes in the online world (ecustoms). Customary norms played a very important role providing norms for solving commercial disputes in the Medieval times (Law Merchant) a...

This paper presents an information-boundaries perspective on the family and the Internet with the aim of helping to set the context for child development in the new media environment. Drawing from family studies, sociology, and communication, it lays out a model for viewing the family in relation to the Web. The paper draws research ideas out of the framework that center on four areas: family c...

Commentators variously infer or describe the nexus of modern Information Technology law (hereafter, IT law) as lying with computers, software or the Internet: what they have in common is that they identify this nexus as being technological, not legal. One can regard IT Law, therefore, as sitting on the shifting sands of technology, rather than on the traditional, firm regulatory bedrock, which,...

The relationship between jurisdiction and the internet has been the subject of wide ranging discussion ever since the boom in domestic internet usage. Without clear legislation, laws have been created on an ad hoc basis, often in response to specific cases. It is difficult to predict whether any one law will ever be sufficient to cope with the great variety of alleged crimes which take place on...

The British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) entered the online legal information landscape in 2001 with charitable status 3 as a provider of UK and European judgments, and has over the past decade or so moved from a system quickly put together with any materials which could be found, to a system which provides a core resource to professionals in law. In this article we provide an...