Although impairments in social skills, including empathic abilities, are common in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the ability to feel compassion-a pro-social behavior that is based on empathy and drives us to help others-has never been assessed among these patients. The first aim of this study was to examine whether patients with PTSD suffer from deficits in compassion and to examine th...

General anesthesia increases the risk for cognitive impairment post operation, especially in the elderly and vulnerable individuals. Recent animal studies on the impact of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive impairment have provided some valuable insights, but much remains to be understood. Here, by using mice of various ages and conditions, we found that anesthesia with propofol and sevoflur...

There is growing interest in the role of the oxytocin system in social cognition and behavior. Peripheral oxytocin concentrations are regularly used to approximate central concentrations in psychiatric research, however, the validity of this approach is unclear. Here we conducted a pre-registered systematic search and meta-analysis of correlations between central and peripheral oxytocin concent...

Accumulating evidence suggests that disrupted brain insulin signaling promotes the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), driving clinicians to target this circuitry. While both traditional and more modern antidiabetics show promise in combating insulin resistance, intranasal insulin appears to be the most efficient method of boosting brain insulin. Furthermore, intranasal del...

INTRODUCTION Naloxone is a medication that is frequently administered in the field by paramedics for suspected opioid overdoses. Most prehospital protocols, however, require this medication to be given to patients intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.). Unfortunately, intravenous line placement may be problematic and time-consuming in chronic i.v. drug users. There may also be a delay i...

Aronson, A. S., and Svenningsen, N. W. (1974). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 49, 654. DDAVP test for estimation of renal concentrating capacity in infants and children. A new method for the estimation of the renal capacity to concentrate urine is described. Intranasal administration of DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone, has been use...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present observational, feasibility study is to assess the preliminary safety and effectiveness of intranasal fentanyl for lumbar facet radiofrequency ablation procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cohort observational study included 23 adult patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, oxygen saturation percent, Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale ...

Chitosan and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin were the most to be studied absorption enhancers for nasal administration recently. The enhancing absorption mechanisms of each other were different. Authors chosen estradiol as the model drug used in situ and in vivo methods to study whether or not they could combine to enhance the nasal absorption. In situ study data indicated that the optimal c...

In humans, oxytocin nasal administration reduces social-threat perception and improves processes involved in communication and the encoding of positive social cues. The aim of this study was to determine whether oxytocin given as an adjunct to exposure therapy improves treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD) as indicated by a comprehensive set of symptom outcome measures. In a randomized, d...

Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) results from the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of natural antioxidants such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) to maintain these neurons. Methods: CAPE is one of the main ingredients of propolis. Intranasal administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2;3;4;6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was...