This study aimed at designing mucoadhesive microemulsion gel to enhance the brain uptake of Ibuprofen through intranasal route. Ibuprofen loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion (MMEI) was developed by incorporating polycarbophil as mucoadhesive polymer into Capmul MCM based optimal microemulsion (MEI) and was subjected to characterization, stability, mucoadhesion and naso-ciliotoxicity study. Brain ...

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a generally fatal disease that primarily occurs in ruminants and is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses. Outside of Africa MCF is mainly caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) which is carried subclinically by sheep. Cell-free virus is present in nasal secretions of shedding sheep and aerosol is the primary mode of transmission. Although OvHV-2 has never b...

Nasal mucosal immunization is very attractive for vaccination to prevent various bacterial and viral infectious diseases because of induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of changing the immunization procedure of diphtheria toxoid (DT) from intramuscular or subcutaneous injection to intranasal administration. Intranasa...

Adverse experience during the early postnatal period induces negative alterations in physiological and neurobiological functions, resulting in long-term disorder in animal behavior. The aim of the present work was to study the long-lasting effects of chronic neonatal stress in white rats and to estimate the possibility of their correction using Semax, an analogue of ACTH fragment (4-10). Early ...

Immunizations with live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSV) expressing foreign viral proteins have successfully protected animals from challenges with several heterologous viruses. We developed an rVSV expressing the major capsid protein (L1) of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) and tested the efficacy of protection following CRPV challenge. An rVSV expressing L1 of CRPV (VSV-...

Cumulative evidence has indicated a critical role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in ischemic brain damage. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is a key enzyme in poly(ADP-ribose) catabolism. Our previous studies showed that PARG inhibitors, gallotannin (GT) and nobotanin B, can profoundly decrease oxidative cell death in vitro. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal deli...

The blood-brain barrier is a substantial obstacle for delivering anticancer agents to brain tumors, and new strategies for bypassing it are greatly needed for brain-tumor therapy. Intranasal delivery provides a practical, noninvasive method for delivering therapeutic agents to the brain and could provide an alternative to intravenous injection and convection-enhanced delivery. We treated rats b...

We thankMunoz et al. (1) for the opportunity to provide additional rationale for the study design and interpretation of the data supporting the noninferiority of intranasal glucagon for treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Our study (2) was not designed to test recovery from severe hypoglycemia but rather recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia that ethically may only be produced under...

patients with allergic rhinitis (ar) show increased production of the th2-related cytokines. almost always, intranasal corticosteroid (inc) and antihistamine are used as routine therapy of ar. this study was performed to determine the in vitro secretion of cytokines profiles of pbmcs in patients with ar sensitive to chenopodium album (ch.a) pollens before and after treatment with inc (fluticaso...

objective- this study aimed to compare sedation efficacy in intranasal administration of xylazine, diazepam and midazolam with or without ketamine in chough. design- to determine the sedation efficacy, an experimental in vivo study was employed. animals- seven healthy choughs were examined in the current study. procedures- with an interval of one week, seven healthy adult non domesticated choug...