Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgery may be associated with postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Commonest intraoperative risk factors for AKI include hypotension and hypoperfusion. Intravenous fluids are administered during to optimize intravascular status thus prevent hypotension. Conventionally, intravenous using pre-calculated volumes based on maintenance needs. Alter...

a 40-year-old male patient with suicidal ingestion of one tablet of aluminium phosphide was referred to the department of toxicology emergency of baharloo hospital, tehran, iran. the garlic odor was smelled from the patient and abdominal pain and continuous vomiting as well as agitation and heartburn were the first signs and symptoms. systolic and diastolic blood pressures at the arrival time w...

OBJECTIVE Intravenous immunoglobulin is widely used to treat various autoimmune disorders. After observing instances of aseptic meningitis in treated patients, we studied the frequency and associated risk factors for aseptic meningitis in patients treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary research referra...

In general, the maintenance of calcium balance is an accepted part by the fluid and electrolyte management of patients. In the medium to long term, there are clear adverse effects of consistent negative or positive calcium balance, and both hypoand hypercalcaemia are associated with morbidity (Agus & Goldfarb, 1985). In these circumstances, monitoring of the plasma calcium concentration, and ju...

The patient with head trauma is a challenge for the emergency physician and for the neurosurgeon. Currently traumatic brain injury constitutes a public health problem. Knowledge of the various supportive therapeutic strategies in the pre-hospital and pre-operative stages is essential for optimal care. The immediate rapid infusion of large volumes of crystalloids to restore blood volume and bloo...

background: children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy might experience a decline in their absolute neutrophil count. the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of neutropenia following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. p...

background: nephrotoxicity is one of the major side-effects of cisplatin that has been seen in about 20% of treated patients. the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a forced hydration protocol comprised of isotonic saline, potassium chloride (kcl) and magnesium sulfate (mgso4) on prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. methods: this cross sectional prospective study was perfor...

OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether taking antiemetic drugs reduces vomiting and decreases the need for further intervention in children with gastroenteritis without causing significant adverse effects. DATA SOURCES Computerized databases, reference lists, and expert recommendations. STUDY SELECTION Prospective controlled trials evaluating medicat...

Diarrhea-induced dehydration is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old [1]. Most of these deaths occur in the developing world. Severe dehydration is treated with intravenous (IV) therapy. One risk of IV therapy is over-hydration, which can to lead to severe complications and death. In the developed world, infusion pumps are commonly used to regulate the delivery of ...

Ciguatera results when ciguatoxin-contaminated coral reef fish from tropical or subtropical waters are consumed. The clinical features that present in affected persons are mainly gastrointestinal, neurological, general, and much less commonly, cardiovascular. We report the case of a 50-year-old man who developed the characteristic combination of acute gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms ...